pediatric ophthalmology

小儿眼科
  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    观察2015-19年儿童眼病的模式,以改善发展中国家眼科儿科单位的管理。
    这是一个观察,在三级眼科护理医院进行的横断面研究,卡拉奇.检索了2015年至2019年16岁以下儿童的记录。纳入标准包括年龄的完整记录,孩子的性别,症状,考试,必要时进行调查,和诊断。排除所有不完整的记录。
    共分析了35348条记录,其中55.17%的男孩和44.82%的女孩。类似的性别差异反映在疾病频率上。百分之七的儿童没有可检测到的眼部病理。结膜炎,屈光不正和斜视是三种最常见的眼病,以频率递减的顺序为32.67%,分别为20.08%和14.7%。白内障占4.51%,角膜疾病占4.11%,视网膜病理占1.04%,青光眼占0.49%;视网膜母细胞瘤55例,仅ROP4例。几乎60%的孩子有简单的眼部问题,比如结膜炎,屈光不正和没有任何病理。
    大多数参加儿科眼科的儿童有简单的问题,在初级医疗机构层面是可以管理的。加强初级保健设施将减轻三级儿科单位的相当大的负担。验光师和骨科医师是屈光和斜视管理团队的重要成员。
    UNASSIGNED: To observe patterns of Pediatric eye diseases over five years 2015-19, to improve management of ophthalmic pediatric units in the developing countries.
    UNASSIGNED: It was an observational, cross-sectional study carried out in a tertiary eye care Hospital, Karachi. Records of the children under 16 years of age from 2015 to 2019 were retrieved. Inclusion criteria included complete records with age, gender of the children, symptoms, examination, investigation if necessary, and diagnosis. All incomplete records were excluded.
    UNASSIGNED: A total of 35348 records with 55.17% boys and 44.82% girls were analyzed. Similar gender difference was reflected in disease frequency. Seven percent of the children did not have detectable ocular pathology. Conjunctivitis, refractive errors and squint were the three most common ocular morbidities observed in decreasing order of frequency as 32.67%, 20.08% and 14.7% respectively. Cataract was present in 4.51%, Corneal disease in 4.11%, Retinal pathology in 1.04%, Glaucoma in 0.49% cases; but Retinoblastoma was present in 55 cases and ROP in 4 cases only. Almost 60% of the children had simple ocular problems like conjunctivitis, refractive error and absence of any pathology.
    UNASSIGNED: Majority of the children attending pediatric ophthalmology had simple problems manageable at primary health facility level. Strengthening of the primary health care facility will reduce considerable burden of pediatric unit at the tertiary level. Optometrists and orthoptists are important members of the team for refraction and squint management.
    导出

    更多引用

    收藏

    翻译标题摘要

    我要上传

       PDF(Pubmed)

  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    眼部手术包括广泛的手术,包括泪道的手术,眼睑,角膜和结膜,镜头,眼肌,玻璃体视网膜和虹膜手术.还进行手术切除肿瘤,修复眼外伤,最后,角膜移植。用于预防眼科手术中的手术部位感染(SSIs)的抗生素预防是一个复杂的领域,其中缺乏共同的作用线。鉴于在儿科人群中使用眼部抗菌药物预防的共同证据很少,这份共识文件旨在为临床医生提供一系列有关新生儿和儿科眼科手术患者抗菌药物预防的建议.考虑以下情况:(1)眼内手术;(2)眼外手术;(3)眼外伤;(4)眼肿瘤;(5)眼表移植;(6)角膜移植。这项工作是由于意大利最重要的科学学会的专家的多学科贡献而成为可能的,在我们看来,关于眼科手术围手术期环境中临床行动的最完整和最新的建议收集。统一和共享协议的应用旨在改善外科手术实践,通过程序的标准化,随着SSI的减少,也限制了抗菌素耐药性的现象。
    Ocular surgery encompasses a wide range of procedures, including surgery of the tear ducts, eyelid, cornea and conjunctiva, lens, ocular muscle, and vitreoretinal and iris surgery. Operations are also performed for the removal of tumors, repairs of ocular trauma and, finally, corneal transplantation. Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of surgical site infections (SSIs) in ocular surgery is a complex field in which shared lines of action are absent. In light of the scarcity of shared evidence in the use of ocular antimicrobial prophylaxis for the pediatric population, this consensus document aims to provide clinicians with a series of recommendations on antimicrobial prophylaxis for patients of neonatal and pediatric age undergoing eye surgery. The following scenarios are considered: (1) intraocular surgery; (2) extraocular surgery; (3) ocular trauma; (4) ocular neoplasm; (5) ocular surface transplantations; (6) corneal grafts. This work has been made possible by the multidisciplinary contribution of experts belonging to the most important Italian scientific societies and represents, in our opinion, the most complete and up-to-date collection of recommendations regarding clinical actions in the peri-operative environment in eye surgery. The application of uniform and shared protocols aims to improve surgical practice, through the standardization of procedures, with a consequent reduction of SSIs, also limiting the phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance.
    导出

    更多引用

    收藏

    翻译标题摘要

    我要上传

    求助全文

  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    COVID-19大流行促使全球眼科实践方式发生了重大变化。包括全印度眼科学会在内的全球各个机构已经发布了关于安全眼科实践的一般指南。虽然这些都适合眼科整体,他们不完全适合亚专业实践,特别是儿科眼科,斜视和神经眼科,这需要和孩子打交道,在全身麻醉下进行手术,并处理可能危及生命的情况。一群子专家和麻醉师几乎见面,并就与这些眼科子专业有关的实践和全身麻醉方案达成共识。专家组提出的建议是具体的,但可以普遍遵循,以确保医生和患者的最佳和最安全的结果。这些建议涉及列出儿科眼科和神经眼科领域需要紧急或紧急护理的条件,儿科和神经眼科眼科检查的注意事项和技术,以及为儿科眼科手术提供安全全身麻醉的方案。
    The COVID-19 Pandemic has prompted substantial changes in the way ophthalmology is practiced globally. General guidelines on safe ophthalmic practice have been issued by various bodies across the globe including the All India Ophthalmological Society. While these are suitable to ophthalmology overall, they are not entirely suitable to a subspecialty practice, particularly pediatric ophthalmology, strabismus and neuro-ophthalmology, which entails dealing with children, surgery under general anesthesia and managing possible life threatening situations. A group of sub-specialists and anesthetists met virtually and arrived at a consensus with regard to practice and general anesthesia protocols pertaining to these subspecialties of ophthalmology. The recommendations made by the expert group are specific yet can be universally followed to ensure the best and safest outcome for the practitioner and patient alike. The recommendations pertain to listing conditions which need emergency or urgent care in the fields of pediatric ophthalmology and neuro-ophthalmology, precautions and technique of pediatric and neuro-ophthalmic eye examination and a protocol for delivering a safe general anesthesia for a pediatriceye surgery.
    导出

    更多引用

    收藏

    翻译标题摘要

    我要上传

       PDF(Pubmed)

  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    Childhood blindness causes significant social and economic burden. Even though pediatric eye care has gained priority under Vision 2020, it continues to come under the purview of tertiary care centers due to lack of knowhow and facilities at primary and secondary level. Currently, India does not have standard guidelines on pediatric eye examination, refraction, and amblyopia management and therefore these are being managed inadequately or inappropriately. In view of this, an expert group of pediatric ophthalmologists from across the country met under the aegis of All India Ophthalmological Society, and deliberated to reach a consensus on the correct method of pediatric eye examination, treating refractive error in children and managing amblyopia. The purpose of the consensus statement was to enable all ophthalmologists to have a broad set of guidelines, which can form the basic framework for managing common pediatric eye conditions, in most ophthalmic setups. The consensus statement is divided into three broad categories: Pediatric eye examination, pediatric refraction, and amblyopia management. The pediatric eye exam subsection discusses the recommended clinical history, which should be taken and the essential components of an ophthalmic examination including pediatric vision assessment. Additionally, it discusses the role of special tests and investigations such as imaging and electrophysiology. The section on pediatric refraction emphasizes the correct use of cycloplegia and prescribing glasses in the Indian context. The final section on amblyopia management presents the various options of treating amblyopia and provides standard guidelines for the use of occlusion therapy and its weaning over time.
    导出

    更多引用

    收藏

    翻译标题摘要

    我要上传

       PDF(Pubmed)

公众号