暂无摘要。

Lifestyle factors, such as diet and sleep quality, are receiving increasing interest as accessible therapeutic approaches to migraine. The Mediterranean diet (MD) has shown clear benefits in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, as well as in sleep patterns. Here, our objective was to identify the impact of adherence to the MD and other lifestyle factors on the clinical burden of migraine. For this purpose, we enrolled 170 migraine patients and 100 controls, assessing the clinical disability of headache using standardized clinical scales (HIT-6 and MIDAS) in the migraineur cohort and lifestyle patterns in both groups through the PREDIMED score for MD adherence, the IPAQ scale for physical activity, and BMI. Subjects were also screened for sleep-wake disturbances based on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). We found that migraine patients had lower adherence to the MD compared to the controls and that the HIT-6 scale had a significant negative relationship with MD adherence in patients with high-frequency episodic and chronic migraine. Additionally, in the same migraine patients, the presence of sleep-wake disturbances was correlated with greater migraine disability as assessed by the MIDAS score. In conclusion, this study found that among different lifestyle factors, poor adherence to the MD and the presence of sleep-wake disturbances were closely associated with migraine disability and chronification.

(1) Background: Previous evidence has indicated a connection between a Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease. However, evidence for subclinical markers of cardiovascular disease, such as arterial stiffness, is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the associations between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), as assessed by the MEDAS-14 questionnaire, and arterial stiffness, as assessed by aortic pulse wave velocity, in healthy adults and according to sex. (2) A cross-sectional study including 386 healthy participants was performed in the EVasCu study. Adjusted and unadjusted differences in adherence to the MD and arterial stiffness were determined using Student\'s t test and ANCOVA for the total sample and according to sex. (3) Results: Our results showed that individuals with a high adherence to the MD had a greater arterial stiffness, both in the total sample and in females, although this difference was not significant after adjusting for possible confounding variables, such as age. (4) Conclusions: Our findings indicated that, in the unadjusted analyses, healthy subjects with a high adherence to the MD showed a greater arterial stiffness. When these analyses were adjusted, no significant differences were shown in a-PWv according to the categories of MD adherence.

BACKGROUND: The main objective of this study is to determine the accuracy of different biochemical markers of hepatic steatosis and to correlate liver steatosis with adherence to the Mediterranean diet and level of physical activity.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out, including subjects over 50 years of age, with a BMI > 25 kg/m2, but excluding any patient with documented hepatic pathology other than hepatic steatosis. Participants were divided into two groups: patients with hepatic steatosis diagnosed by ultrasound (SG) and a control group of individuals without hepatic steatosis (CG). The level of physical activity was recorded by the IPAQ-SF questionnaire and the adherence to the Mediterranean diet was recorded using the PREDIMED questionnaire. Biochemical markers analyzed included the Hepatic steatosis index (HSI), AST-to-Platelet ratio (APRI) and Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4).
RESULTS: A total of 116 patients were included, 71 belonging to the SG and 45 to the CG. A total of 58.6% of the patients showed low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, 35.4% moderate adherence and 6% high adherence. The median estimated physical activity was 495 METS, with most participants reporting light activity. In the SG, significantly higher HSI values were observed (p < 0.001). A cut-off point of a HSI of 40 was established, with a sensitivity of 73.2% and a specificity of 65.8%. Significantly higher FIB-4 values (p = 0.039) were also observed in the SG. A cut-off point of FIB-4 was set at 0.27, with a sensitivity of 69% and a specificity of 57.9%. Patients in the SG showed lower scores in the PREDIMED. Patients in the SG tended to show lower METS scores. However, the higher number of patients with intense activity in the CG group stands out (p = 0.008).
CONCLUSIONS: The HSI and FIB-4 showed a significant correlation with liver steatosis. Hepatic steatosis is associated with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet and patients with hepatic steatosis tended to have lower METS scores.

暂无摘要。

The nonadherence of hemodialysis (HD) patients correlates with morbidity and mortality. Despite severe consequences, noncompliance with their medical regimen is the norm for HD patients rather than the exception. Factors associated with nonadherence to dietary restrictions among HD patients have been explored in many studies; however, most were in Western countries and there is a remarkable paucity of studies in Saudi Arabia. HD patients have several features that put them at an increased risk of nonadherence to dietary restrictions, including prolonged, intensive treatment, and their medical regimens are easily determined with objective measures. This crosssectional study aimed to determine factors related to nonadherence to dietary restrictions among 361 HD patients randomly selected from HD centers in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Individuals were assessed for adherence using the End-Stage Renal Disease - Adherence Questionnaire in addition to clinical examinations and laboratory investigations. Female patients were more likely to be nonadherent to dietary restrictions. Adherence to dietary restrictions was relatively higher among non-Saudi patients, older people, those who are married, those with university qualifications, those who are employed, and those with higher monthly incomes; nevertheless, these differences were not statistically significant. Despite the relatively higher frequency of adherence to dietary restrictions among patients with a duration of dialysis of <60 months, hypertensive patients, patients with a previous kidney transplant, and those with a previous history of psychiatric illnesses, these differences were not statistically significant. Patients with factors associated with nonadherence to dietary restrictions deserve special attention and support to improve their adherence.

The adherence of hemodialysis (HD) patients to medical instructions is considered crucial for a longer life expectancy and better quality of life. Despite its importance, there is a remarkable paucity in research dealing with the adherence of patients under HD in Saudi Arabia. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of adherence to fluid, diet, medications, and HD sessions among HD patients in Makkah. This was a cross-sectional study in which 361 HD patients were randomly selected from HD centers in three governmental hospitals in Makkah. Individuals were assessed for adherence using the End-Stage Renal Disease Adherence Questionnaire in addition to a clinical examination and laboratory investigations. These methods were used to identify the level of adherence to fluid, diet, medications, and HD sessions. The frequency of adherence of patients was found to be high for dietary guidelines (88.4%), fluid restriction (87.8%), and medications (88.0%), but it was relatively low for adherence to HD sessions (56.0%). The overall adherence rates in the current study population were thought to be within the range of most published international studies.

OBJECTIVE: To assess adherence to follow-up maintenance visits among patients who had previously undergone crown-lengthening surgery and investigate the different factors impacting their compliance.
METHODS: A total of 314 patients were identified for follow-up appointments. Based on their responses, participants were categorised into four groups: attendees, non-attendees, refusals, and unreachable. Furthermore, data on sociodemographic factors (age, sex, nationality, marital status, education, occupation, and residential area), medical history, dental history (including missing teeth, implants, or orthodontic treatment history), and past appointment attendance (average yearly appointments, missed appointment percentage, and last appointment date) were collected and analysed to understand their influence on patient compliance.
RESULTS: In a sample of 314 patients, 102 (32.5%) attended the appointments successfully. Improved attendance rates were significantly associated with being female, Saudi Arabian, married, and employed (p < 0.05). Moreover, patients with a high frequency of annual appointments and a recent history of appointments exhibited better compliance. None of the analysed dental factors affected the attendance rates.
CONCLUSIONS: About one-third of patients who had undergone crown lengthening surgery were compliant with the follow-up visits. Different factors influenced this compliance pattern to varying extents, with more efforts needed to enhance patients\' commitment to these visits.

BACKGROUND: Formula diets, through the use of industrially manufactured meal replacement products, lead to effective and rapid weight reduction and improvement in obesity-associated comorbidities. The specific composition of these meal replacement products simplifies the adherence to calorie goals and ensures the supply of essential nutrients during significant energy restriction. Despite numerous potential applications, evidence from randomized controlled studies, and simplicity in practical implementation, challenges persist. Monotony and social restrictions complicate adherence and acceptance. The use of formula diets for sustainable weight loss requires integration into a multimodal treatment approach with the goal of long-term changes in eating and activity behaviour. This includes accompanying nutritional counselling, promotion of physical activity, evaluation of adjuvant pharmacological or interventional therapies, as well as psychological support. The development of new incretin-based anti-obesity medications has opened another application field for formula products. There is optimization potential in expanding the product range and combining it with digital applications to enhance acceptance and reach a larger patient group.
UNASSIGNED: Formula-Diäten für den Gewichtsverlust – Chancen und Herausforderungen.
UNASSIGNED: Formula-Diäten können mit dem Einsatz von industriell hergestellten Mahlzeitenersatzprodukten zu einer effektiven und schnellen Gewichtsreduktion und Verbesserung von Übergewichts-assoziierten Komorbiditäten führen. Durch die spezifische Zusammensetzung der Mahlzeitenersatzprodukte wird die Einhaltung der Kalorienziele und die Versorgung mit essenziellen Nährstoffen während einer erheblichen Energierestriktion vereinfacht. Trotz vieler möglicher Anwendungsfelder, Wirkungsnachweisen aus randomisiert kontrollierten Studien und Einfachheit in der praktischen Umsetzung bestehen Herausforderungen. Eintönigkeit und soziale Einschränkungen erschweren das Durchhalten und die Akzeptanz. Der Einsatz von Formula-Diäten zum nachhaltigen Gewichtsverlust erfordert deren Integration in ein multimodales Behandlungskonzept mit dem Ziel einer langfristigen Änderung des Ess- und Bewegungsverhaltens. Dazu gehört eine begleitende Ernährungsberatung, Bewegungsförderung, Evaluation adjuvanter pharmakolgischer oder interventioneller Therapien, sowie psychologische Unterstützung. Durch die Entwicklung neuer Inkretin-basierter Adipositasmedikamente hat sich ein weiteres Anwendungsfeld für Formula-Produkte eröffnet. Optimierungspotenzial liegt in einer Ausweitung des Produkteangebots und der Kombination mit digitalen Anwendungen, womit die Akzeptanz gesteigert und eine grössere Patientengruppe angesprochen werden kann.

BACKGROUND: Urological surgery presents unique challenges to patients, necessitating specialised aftercare nursing. Evidence-based nursing has emerged as a strategy to improve patient outcomes through tailored education, self-management strategies and psychological support. However, its specific impact on post-operative outcomes in patients undergoing urological surgery has not been extensively explored.
METHODS: This study assessed postoperative self-efficacy, quality of life, treatment compliance and nursing satisfaction. Self-compiled percentage of satisfaction scale was used to assess the degree of satisfaction with nursing work in both groups. Patients\' self-care ability was evaluated using the Self-Care Ability Scale, and their quality of life scores were assessed with Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36). Patients\' anxiety and depression levels were examined using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 29.0 statistical software.
RESULTS: This retrospective study analysed 231 patients undergoing urological surgery and categorised them into a usual care group (n = 99) and an evidence-based nursing group (n = 132). Post-operative outcomes in the evidence-based nursing group included significantly higher self-care abilities (p < 0.001), improved quality of life scores (p < 0.001), lower anxiety and depression levels (p < 0.001) and higher treatment compliance rates (p < 0.05) compared with the usual care group. Additionally, nursing satisfaction was higher in the evidence-based nursing group (p = 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: The findings provide compelling evidence regarding the favourable impact of evidence-based nursing on various post-operative outcomes in patients undergoing urological surgery. Evidence-based nursing shows promise in enhancing patients\' self-efficacy, well-being, treatment compliance and satisfaction. The results underscore the potential benefits of evidence-based nursing in optimising aftercare nursing and driving positive patient-centred outcomes in urological surgery setting.