素食饮食被广泛推广为预防心血管疾病(CVD);然而,从人类饮食中去除所有动物性食物通常会对健康造成不利的后果。我们的人类祖先开始吃肉,鱼,海鲜,和鸡蛋>200万年前。因此,人类在基因上适合从植物和动物来源获得营养。相比之下,素食主义在智人物种中没有进化先例。严格遵守纯素饮食会导致可预测的营养素缺乏,包括维生素B12,B2,D,烟酸,铁,碘,锌,优质蛋白质,omega-3和钙.长期严格的素食主义会增加骨折的风险,少肌症,贫血,和抑郁症。更合乎逻辑的饮食是一种植物性的杂食性饮食模式,强调大量食用天然食物,主要来自植物的未加工食品。为了平衡这种饮食,适量的有益健康的动物性食品,这种野生鱼/海鲜,牧场饲养的肉和蛋,和发酵不加糖的乳制品应定期食用。
Vegan diets are widely promoted as protective against cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, removing all animal foods from a human\'s diet usually causes unfavorable health consequences. Our hominin ancestors began consuming meat, fish, seafood, and eggs >2 million years ago. Consequently, humans are genetically adapted to procure nutrients from both plant and animal sources. In contrast, veganism is without evolutionary precedent in Homo sapiens species. Strict adherence to a vegan diet causes predictable deficiencies in nutrients including vitamins B12, B2, D, niacin, iron, iodine, zinc, high-quality proteins, omega-3, and calcium. Prolonged strict veganism increases risk for bone fractures, sarcopenia, anemia, and depression. A more logical diet is a plant-forward omnivorous eating pattern that emphasizes generous consumption of natural, unprocessed foods predominantly from plants. To balance this diet, modest amounts of wholesome animal foods, such wild-caught fish/seafood, pasture-raised meat and eggs, and fermented unsweetened dairy should be consumed regularly.