青少年犯罪是一个世界性的问题。刑事司法系统中的年轻人经常经历不利的童年情况,心理健康问题,情绪调节困难,生活质量差。基于正念的干预措施可以帮助人们管理这些经验导致的问题,但是它们对青少年犯罪人群的有用性还不清楚。这篇综述评估了这些人群中基于正念的干预措施的现有证据。要包括在内,每一项研究都使用了至少一个基于正念的减压的三个核心组成部分(呼吸意识,身体意识,正念运动)在监狱或社区康复计划中交付给年轻人。对使用的方法没有限制。包括13项研究:三项随机对照试验,一项对照试验,三个研究前的设计,三种混合方法和三种定性研究。汇总数字(n=842)包括99%的14至23岁男性。干预措施各不相同,因此不可能在内容方面确定最佳方法,剂量或强度。研究发现各种心理健康措施有所改善,自我调节,有问题的行为,物质使用,生活质量和犯罪倾向。在那些测量正念的研究中,变化没有达到统计学意义.定性研究报告参与者感到压力较小,能够更好地集中注意力,管理情绪和行为,提高了社交技能,干预措施是可以接受的。通常,低研究质量限制了这些发现的普遍性。更明确的干预组成部分和强有力的混合方法评估将提高报告的清晰度,并更好地指导未来的青少年犯罪预防计划。
Youth
offending is a problem worldwide. Young people in the criminal justice system have frequently experienced adverse childhood circumstances, mental health problems, difficulties regulating emotions and poor quality of life. Mindfulness-based interventions can help people manage problems resulting from these experiences, but their usefulness for youth
offending populations is not clear. This
review evaluated existing evidence for mindfulness-based interventions among such populations. To be included, each study used an intervention with at least one of the three core components of mindfulness-based stress reduction (breath awareness, body awareness, mindful movement) that was delivered to young people in prison or community rehabilitation programs. No restrictions were placed on methods used. Thirteen studies were included: three randomized controlled trials, one controlled trial, three pre-post study designs, three mixed-methods approaches and three qualitative studies. Pooled numbers (n = 842) comprised 99% males aged between 14 and 23. Interventions varied so it was not possible to identify an optimal approach in terms of content, dose or intensity. Studies found some improvement in various measures of mental health, self-regulation, problematic behaviour, substance use, quality of life and criminal propensity. In those studies measuring mindfulness, changes did not reach statistical significance. Qualitative studies reported participants feeling less stressed, better able to concentrate, manage emotions and behaviour, improved social skills and that the interventions were acceptable. Generally low study quality limits the generalizability of these findings. Greater clarity on intervention components and robust mixed-methods evaluation would improve clarity of reporting and better guide future youth
offending prevention programs.