目的:全面了解显微外科神经解剖学,熟悉手术室环境,与手术相关的患者定位,手术方法的知识在神经外科教育中至关重要。然而,挑战,如有限的患者暴露,增加了对患者安全的担忧,培训期间外科手术病例的可用性下降,以及进入尸体和实验室的困难对这种教育产生了不利影响。三维(3D)模型和增强现实(AR)应用程序可用于描绘大脑的皮质和白质解剖结构,创建患者手术位置的虚拟模型,模拟手术室和神经解剖学实验室环境。在这里,作者,使用单个应用程序的人,旨在演示解剖尸体解剖的3D模型的创建,手术方法,患者手术位置,以及手术室和实验室设计,作为神经外科培训的替代教育材料。
方法:采用3D建模应用程序(Scaniverse)使用摄影测量法生成尸体脑标本和手术方法的3D模型。它还用于创建手术室和实验室环境的虚拟表示,以及患者的手术位置,利用光检测和测距(LiDAR)传感器技术进行精确的空间映射。然后在AR中呈现这些虚拟模型用于教育目的。
结果:创建了三维虚拟表示来描绘尸体标本,手术方法,患者手术位置,手术室和实验室环境。这些模型提供了在各种平面中旋转和移动的灵活性,以改善可视化和理解。手术室和实验室环境以三维方式呈现,以创建可以使用AR和混合现实技术进行导航的模拟。在基于互联网的平台和AR平台上展示了具有复杂细节的逼真尸体模型,以增强可视化和学习能力。
结论:利用这种具有成本效益的方法,直截了当,和现成的方法来生成3D模型有可能加强神经解剖学和神经外科教育。这些数字模型可以通过互联网轻松存储和共享,使全世界的神经外科医生都可以使用它们进行教育。
A comprehensive understanding of microsurgical
neuroanatomy, familiarity with the operating room environment, patient positioning in relation to the surgery, and knowledge of surgical approaches is crucial in neurosurgical education. However, challenges such as limited patient exposure, heightened patient safety concerns, a decreased availability of surgical cases during training, and difficulties in accessing cadavers and laboratories have adversely impacted this education. Three-dimensional (3D) models and augmented reality (AR) applications can be utilized to depict the cortical and white matter anatomy of the brain, create virtual models of patient surgical positions, and simulate the operating room and
neuroanatomy laboratory environment. Herein, the authors, who used a single application, aimed to demonstrate the creation of 3D models of anatomical cadaver dissections, surgical approaches, patient surgical positions, and operating room and laboratory designs as alternative educational materials for neurosurgical training.
A 3D modeling application (Scaniverse) was employed to generate 3D models of cadaveric brain specimens and surgical approaches using photogrammetry. It was also used to create virtual representations of the operating room and laboratory environment, as well as the surgical positions of patients, by utilizing light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor technology for accurate spatial mapping. These virtual models were then presented in AR for educational purposes.
Virtual representations in three dimensions were created to depict cadaver specimens, surgical approaches, patient surgical positions, and the operating room and laboratory environment. These models offer the flexibility of rotation and movement in various planes for improved visualization and understanding. The operating room and laboratory environment were rendered in three dimensions to create a simulation that could be navigated using AR and mixed reality technology. Realistic cadaveric models with intricate details were showcased on internet-based platforms and AR platforms for enhanced visualization and learning.
The utilization of this cost-effective, straightforward, and readily available approach to generate 3D models has the potential to enhance neuroanatomical and neurosurgical education. These digital models can be easily stored and shared via the internet, making them accessible to neurosurgeons worldwide for educational purposes.