背景:子宫内发育中的神经系统受到各种刺激,其影响可能会延续到新生儿期。这项研究旨在探讨声音刺激(音乐和语音)对胎儿记忆和学习的影响,在新生儿期后期进行评估。
方法:MEDLINE(pubmed),Scopus,EMBASE,搜索了Cochrane图书馆.两名评审员选择了研究并独立提取了数据。使用JoannaBriggs研究所随机对照试验关键评估清单(RCTs)评估合格研究的质量。
结果:共检索到3930篇文章,其中8项研究符合纳入标准。所有纳入的研究均具有良好的总体质量;然而,在大多数患者中发现了选择和检测偏倚的高风险。通过新生儿心电图(ECG)检查胎儿学习,脑电图(EEG),习惯测试,和行为反应。七项研究表明,婴儿已经学会了胎儿声音刺激,一项研究表明,出生前受刺激的婴儿在新生儿行为测试中表现明显更好。就声音刺激类型而言,研究之间存在相当大的差异,特性(强度和频率),和持续时间,以及结果评估方法。
结论:包括音乐和言语在内的产前声音刺激可在胎儿期形成刺激特异性记忆痕迹,并影响新生儿神经系统。采用遵循安全建议的精确设计方法进行进一步研究,是需要的。
The developing nervous system in utero is exposed to various stimuli with effects that may be carried forward to the neonatal period. This study aims to investigate the effects of sound stimulation (music and speech) on fetal memory and learning, which was assessed later in neonatal period.
The MEDLINE (pubmed), Scopus, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched. Two reviewers selected the studies and extracted the data independently. The quality of eligible studies was assessed using The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs).
Overall 3930 articles were retrieved and eight studies met the inclusion criteria. All of the included studies had good general quality; however, high risk of selection and detection bias was detected in most of them. Fetal learning was examined through neonatal electrocardiography (ECG), electroencephalography (EEG), habituation tests, and behavioral responses. Seven studies showed that the infants had learned the fetal sound stimulus and one study indicated that the prenatally stimulated infants performed significantly better on a neonatal behavior test. There was considerable diversity among studies in terms of sound stimulation type, characteristics (intensity and frequency), and duration, as well as outcome assessment methods.
Prenatal sound stimulation including music and speech can form stimulus-specific memory traces during fetal period and effect neonatal neural system. Further studies with precisely designed methodologies that follow safety recommendations, are needed.