摘要在过去的几十年中,涉及神经肌肉电刺激叠加在自愿收缩(NMES)上的训练和康复计划已经普及。然而,对这种干预的有效性没有明确的共识。这篇综述的目的是评估与传统的意志训练或单独的被动电刺激相比,长期暴露于NMES对肌肉力量和质量的影响。两位作者进行了电子搜索,以确定研究NMES训练效果的随机对照试验,涉及健康参与者或骨科患者,详细介绍了一个定义明确的NMES培训协议,并提供与肌肉力量和/或质量相关的结果。作者提取了参与者的数据,干预特点,肌肉相关的结果,并评估了研究的方法学质量。共有24项研究被纳入审查。与等效的自愿或被动NMES训练相比,其中大多数报告了NMES训练后肌肉力量的增加。当NMES叠加在涉及同心和偏心收缩的次最大运动上时,发现最高的改善。两项研究报告NMES+后肌肉质量增加,而另外两项研究没有差异。这篇综述表明,与单独的意志训练相比,长期暴露于NMES决定了肌肉力量的改善更大或相等。然而,刺激的方法学特征和与NMES+相关的运动类型的差异揭示了结果的显著差异.更深入地了解对NMES+的神经生理学适应对于充分解释这种干预导致的肌肉相关增强至关重要。HighlightsNMES+包括同时应用神经肌肉电刺激,同时自愿收缩受刺激的肌肉。尽管越来越多的研究表明,基于NMES+的干预在增强和保持肌肉功能方面具有很强的潜力,对于这种技术的有效性仍然没有明确的共识。这篇综述表明,基于NMES+的训练可以显著改善健康和骨科个体的肌肉力量。
Training and rehabilitation programmes involving neuromuscular electrical stimulation superimposed onto voluntary contractions (NMES+) have gained popularity in the last decades. Yet, there is no clear consensus on the effectiveness of such intervention. The aim of this
review was to evaluate the effect of chronic exposure to NMES+ on muscle strength and mass compared to conventional volitional training or passive electrical stimulation alone. Two authors conducted an electronic search to identify randomized controlled trials that investigated the effect of NMES+ training, involved healthy participants or orthopaedic patients, detailed a well-defined NMES training protocol, and provided outcomes related to muscle strength and/or mass. The authors extracted data on participants, intervention characteristics, muscle-related outcomes, and assessed the methodological quality of the studies. A total of twenty-four studies were included in the
review. The majority of these reported an increase in muscle strength following NMES+ training compared to an equivalent voluntary or passive NMES training. The highest improvements were found when NMES was superimposed on sub-maximal exercises involving both concentric and eccentric contractions. Two studies reported an increase in muscle mass after NMES+, while two other studies exhibited no differences. This
review indicated that chronic exposure to NMES+ determines muscle strength improvements greater or equal compared to volitional training alone. However, differences in the methodological characteristics of the stimulation and the type of exercise associated with NMES+ revealed significant discrepancies in the results. A deeper understanding of the neurophysiological adaptations to NMES+ is crucial to fully explain the muscle-related enhancement resulting from such intervention.HighlightsNMES+ consists of simultaneously applying neuromuscular electrical stimulation while voluntarily contracting the stimulated muscle.Although a growing number of studies have suggested that intervention based on NMES+ have a strong potential in enhancing as well as preserving muscle function, there is still no clear consensus on the effectiveness of such technique.This
review revealed that training based on NMES+ can induce a significant improvement of muscle strength in both healthy and orthopaedic individuals.