Sportswashing被定义为个人,groups,公司,或国家/政权参与体育运动,以提高自己的声誉和/或分散注意力或使不法行为正常化。这项横断面调查是关于与赌博有关的体育活动的首次实证研究。样本包括报告过去12个月赌博的英国居民(N=786,50%的女性,平均年龄=45.6,SD=15.2)。我们调查了有多少人熟悉运动运动,以及涉及运动运动时他们对赌博的态度。在为本研究开发的态度量表上进行了探索性和验证性因素分析(CFA)。多元回归用于检查年龄方面的个体差异,性别,个性,道德基础,政治信任和效率,和/或赌博风险与这种态度有关。最后,我们检查了当涉及运动运动时避免在团队/事件上赌博的人的百分比,包括回避的群体差异和根据赌博风险的回避动机。结果显示,在调查之前,只有32%的人听说过运动运动。CFA指出,在当前研究中使用的量表中概念化的对体育运动和赌博的态度可以大致分为两个维度:赌博时个人与体育运动的关系(“自我因素”)以及个人如何认为赌博公司和监管机构应该规范体育运动和赌博[一个“外部因素”,\“p<0.001,CFI=0.0.996,RMSEA=0.090,90%CI(0.077,0.104)]。多元回归表明,个体差异的测量解释了自我导向(F(17,765)=7.19,p<0.001,调整后的R2=0.12)和外部导向(F(17,765)=8.40,p<0.001。调整后的R2=0.14)对赌博和运动的态度。43%的人报告说,在涉及运动运动时避免下注。与没有/低赌博风险的人(45%)相比,具有中等赌博风险/问题赌博的人(35%)的比例较低。结论是,进一步的规模发展可以帮助阐明个人对运动和赌博的态度差异。体育运动仍然是一个重要的社会问题,目前的研究表明,这与赌博领域有很高的相关性。
Sportswashing is defined as individuals, groups, companies, or countries/regimes\' involvement in sports to improve their own reputation and/or to distract from or normalize wrongdoing. This cross-sectional survey is the first empirical
study on sportswashing in relation to gambling. The sample consisted of United Kingdom residents who reported past 12-month gambling (N = 786, 50% women, mean age = 45.6, SD = 15.2). We investigated how many were familiar with sportswashing and their attitudes toward gambling when sportswashing is involved. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted on the attitudes scale that was developed for the current
study. Multiple regressions were used to examine if individual differences in terms of age, gender, personality,
moral foundations, political trust and efficacy, and/or gambling risk were associated with such attitudes. Finally, we examined the percentage of people who avoid gambling on teams/events when sportswashing is involved, including group differences in avoidance and motivations for avoidance according to gambling risk. The results showed that only 32% had heard about sportswashing prior to the survey. CFA indicated that attitudes toward sportswashing and gambling as conceptualized in the scale used in the current
study can broadly be categorized into two dimensions: How individuals relate to sportswashing when gambling (\"self-factor\") and how individuals think gambling companies and regulators should regulate sportswashing and gambling [an \"external-factor,\" p < 0.001, CFI = 0.0.996, RMSEA = 0.090, 90% CI (0.077, 0.104)]. Multiple regressions indicated that measures of individual differences explained a significant amount of variance in self-oriented (F (17, 765) = 7.19, p < 0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.12) and external-oriented (F (17, 765) = 8.40, p < 0.001. adjusted R2 = 0.14) attitude toward gambling and sportswashing. Avoidance of betting when sportswashing is involved was reported by 43%. The proportion was lower among those with moderate gambling risk/problem gambling (35%) compared to those with no/low gambling risk (45%). It is concluded that further scale development could help elucidate individual differences in attitudes toward sportswashing and gambling. Sportswashing remains an important social issue, and the present
study indicates that this has high relevance for the gambling field.