methicillin resistance

甲氧西林耐药
  • 文章类型: Case Reports
    背景技术肩的化脓性关节炎是一种罕见且具有挑战性的治疗病症。通常,关节镜清理是常见的方法。具体来说,由于持续感染和抗生素选择有限,耐甲氧西林细菌引起的化脓性肩关节关节炎极难治愈.然而,最近的研究表明,持续的局部抗生素灌注(CLAP)可以为骨骼和软组织感染提供良好的结果。通过施用抑制生物膜所需的抗生素,CLAP可以有效治疗感染,同时保留组织。病例报告一名46岁妇女因肾脏和泌尿道先天性异常接受长期血液透析治疗,在糖皮质激素治疗右肩淀粉样关节炎期间,左肩关节出现严重疼痛。尽管没有发烧,在左肩关节观察到明显的肿胀和液体积聚,导致穿刺的性能。穿刺液的细菌检查检测到耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性表皮葡萄球菌(MRCNS)。在这份报告中,我们介绍了一例CLAP治疗耐甲氧西林细菌引起的化脓性肩关节关节炎的病例.灌溉清创后,患者接受静脉注射抗生素和CLAP.治疗开始后,在进行治疗药物监测的同时调整抗生素的剂量.观察到感染的炎症反应和镇静作用的早期改善,2年后没有复发。结论如果不治疗,化脓性关节炎可导致严重的功能损害。CLAP是管理肩部化脓性关节炎的有希望的选择。
    BACKGROUND Septic arthritis of the shoulder is a rare and challenging condition to treat. Typically, arthroscopic debridement is the common approach. Specifically, septic arthritis of the shoulder caused by methicillin-resistant bacteria is extremely difficult to cure due to persistent infection and limited antibiotic options. However, recent studies have demonstrated that continuous local antibiotic perfusion (CLAP) can provide favorable results for bone and soft tissue infections. By administering the antibiotics required to suppress the biofilm, CLAP can effectively treat the infection while sparing the tissue. CASE REPORT A 46-year-old woman undergoing long-term hemodialysis treatment for congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract experienced severe pain in the left shoulder joint during glucocorticoid treatment for amyloid arthritis of the right shoulder. Despite the absence of fever, significant swelling and fluid accumulation were observed in the left shoulder joint, leading to the performance of a puncture. A bacterial examination of the puncture fluid detected methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRCNS). In this report, we present a case in which CLAP was administered for septic arthritis of the shoulder caused by methicillin-resistant bacteria. After irrigation debridement, the patient received intravenous antibiotics and CLAP. Following the initiation of treatment, the dosage of antibiotics was adjusted while performing therapeutic drug monitoring. An early improvement in the inflammatory response and sedation of the infection was observed, with no relapse after 2 years. CONCLUSIONS Septic arthritis can lead to serious functional impairment if left untreated. CLAP is a promising option for managing septic arthritis of the shoulder.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    耐甲氧西林凝固酶阳性葡萄球菌(MCCoPS)引起脓皮病,皮炎,和医院感染。众多因素,包括兽医学中滥用抗菌药物(AMU),清洁实践,和AMU在医院,为MRCoPS做出贡献。然而,住院年龄与MSCoPS之间的关系尚未调查.这项研究旨在估计MRCoPS在新的治疗和手术室的患病率,中年,老兽医医院
    样本是从苏拉特他尼的小动物医院收集的,NakhonSiThammarat,和宋卡在泰国。医院被定义为已经手术5年的医院(新的,n=5),5-15岁(中年,n=6),或>15岁(年龄,n=3)。基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱用于鉴定280个样品,和双链聚合酶链反应用于鉴定抗性基因(mecA和blaZ)。然后使用VITEK2®自动化系统来确定最小抑制浓度。
    共鉴定出57种葡萄球菌,并分类为凝固酶阳性葡萄球菌(CoPS)(22/57,38.60%)或凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(35/57,61.40%)。分别。22例CoPS中有9例(40.90%)含有mecA基因,21株(95.45%)携带blaZ基因。有趣的是,在新医院(六个分离株)中发现的MCCoPS比在中年医院(一个分离株)和老医院(两个分离株)中发现的更多,尽管新的MSCoPS的存在没有统计学上的显着差异,中年,和老兽医医院(p=0.095),Kruskal-Wallis测试.有必要进行进一步的详细研究,包括各地医院数量的增加。
    MRCoPS是一种医院病原体,在兽医医院中引起人畜共患和复发性感染。在新的医院中,MSCoPS的患病率往往更高。有大量动物接触的区域,如医院楼层,是特别令人关注的领域,卫生方案必须突出这些区域的清洁/消毒。
    UNASSIGNED: Methicillin-resistant coagulase-positive staphylococci (MRCoPS) cause pyoderma, dermatitis, and nosocomial infection. Numerous factors, including indiscriminate antimicrobial use (AMU) in veterinary medicine, cleaning practices, and AMU in hospitals, contribute to MRCoPS. However, the relationship between hospital age and MRCoPS has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of MRCoPS in the treatment and operation rooms of new, middle-aged, and old veterinary hospitals.
    UNASSIGNED: Samples were collected from small animal hospitals in Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, and Songkhla in Thailand. Hospitals were defined as those that had been in operation for 5 years (new, n = 5), 5-15 years (middle-aged, n = 6), or >15 years (old, n = 3). Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to identify 280 samples, and duplex polymerase chain reaction was used to identify resistance genes (mecA and blaZ). The VITEK2® automated system was then used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration.
    UNASSIGNED: A total of 57 Staphylococcus species were identified and classified as coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) (22/57, 38.60%) or coagulase-negative staphylococci (35/57, 61.40%), respectively. Nine of the 22 CoPS (40.90%) harbored the mecA gene, and 21 isolates (95.45%) harbored the blaZ gene. Interestingly, more MRCoPS was found in new hospitals (six isolates) than in middle-aged (one isolate) and old hospitals (two isolates), although there was no statistically significant difference in the presence of MRCoPS across new, middle-aged, and old veterinary hospitals (p = 0.095), Kruskal-Wallis test. There is a need for further detailed studies, including an increase in the number of hospitals in various locations.
    UNASSIGNED: MRCoPS is a nosocomial pathogen that causes zoonotic and recurrent infections in veterinary hospitals. The prevalence of MRCoPS tended to be higher in new hospitals. Areas with heavy animal contact, such as hospital floors, are areas of particular concern, and cleaning/disinfection of these areas must be highlighted in hygiene regimens.
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  • 文章类型: Observational Study
    众所周知,金黄色葡萄球菌会引起多种临床表现,从轻度到严重的血液感染可能导致死亡。感染很常见,在社区获得或医院获得的环境中,由于耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA),治疗仍然是一个挑战。金黄色葡萄球菌的发病机理由几种细胞表面和分泌的毒力因子介导。本研究中讨论的毒力因子是Panton-Valentine杀白细胞素(pvl)和剥脱毒素A(eta)。鉴定pvl和eta基因可有助于研究细菌发病机理和生物学,从而产生可能的治疗途径或干预。我们的初步研究旨在观察pvl和eta作为北苏门答腊三级转诊健康中心的毒力基因患病率。
    我们的研究是一项描述性分析观察性研究,采用横断面设计,我们在一个时间段内收集了分离株。基因的频率报告为MRSA和甲氧西林敏感性金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA)之间的百分比比较。使用聚合酶链反应(PCR)进行了定性基因患病率分析。
    我们的结果表明,从38个MRSA样品分离物中,六个样本被发现是pvl阴性,或总样品的15.7%。从40个MSSA样本分离物中,一个样本被发现是pvl阴性MSSA,或0.025%。关于eta,从38个MRSA样本分离物中,总样本的18.4%没有eta,而从40个MSSA样本分离物中,所有样本均呈eta阳性。我们发现pvl和eta在MSSA菌株中明显更有可能表达。
    我们的研究表明,与印度尼西亚的MRSA菌株相比,pvl和eta在MSSA菌株中更有可能表达。
    UNASSIGNED: Staphylococcus aureus is well known to cause a multitude of clinical manifestations, from mild to severe bloodstream infections that could lead to death. Infections are common, either in community-acquired or hospital-acquired settings, and treatment remains a challenge due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The pathogenesis of S. aureus is mediated by several cell-surface and secreted virulence factors. The virulence factors discussed in this study are Panton-Valentine leucocidin ( pvl) and exfoliative toxin A ( eta). Identifying both pvl and eta gene may help in studying bacterial pathogenesis and biology thus creating possible therapeutic pathway or intervention.Our pilot study aimed to observe pvl and eta as virulence gene prevalence in a North Sumatera tertiary referral health center.
    UNASSIGNED: Our study was a descriptive-analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design in which we collected isolates over a single time period. The frequency of genes is reported as a percentage comparison between MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). Qualitative gene prevalence analysis was carried out using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
    UNASSIGNED: Our results showed that from 38 MRSA sample isolates, 32 samples were found to be pvl-positive, or 84,3% of the total samples. From 40 MSSA sample isolates, one sample was found to be pvl-positive MSSA, or 97,5%. Regarding eta, from 38 MRSA sample isolates, 81,6% of the total sample did not have eta, while from 40 MSSA sample isolates, all samples were found to be positive for eta. We found that both pvl and eta were significantly more likely to be expressed in the MSSA strain.
    UNASSIGNED: Our study shows that pvl and eta are more likely expressed in MSSA strains than in MRSA strains in Indonesia.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    假中间葡萄球菌是犬中最常见的机会病原体,甲氧西林耐药性(MRSP)已被确定为犬脓皮病的新兴问题。这里,我们评估了从阿根廷(n=29)和美国(n=29)的犬脓皮病病例中分离出的假中间链球菌的抗菌素耐药性(AMR)特征和系统发育。62%的分离株出现多药耐药。发现的AMR基因:mecA,BlaZ,ermB,dfrG,CatA,tetM,aac(6\')-aph(2″),除了tetK和lnuA(仅在美国分离株中发现)。检测到两个点突变:grlA(S80I)-gyrA(S84L),和grlA(D84N)-gyrA(S84L)在一个美国分离物中。在阿根廷的两个分离株中发现了rpoB(H481N)的突变。SCCmecIII型,SCCmecV型,在阿根廷分离株中鉴定出SCCmec57395;和SCCmecIII型,SCCmec型IVg,SCCmecV型,和SCCmecVII型变异在美国队列中。在这两个国家的分离株中发现了属于优势克隆的序列类型(ST)ST71,和ST45仅在阿根廷分离物中。这是第一项比较分析阿根廷和美国犬脓皮病相关假中介杆菌分离株种群结构的研究重要的是保持对假中介链球菌种群的监测,以监测AMR并进一步了解其演变和传播。
    Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is the most common opportunistic pathogen in dogs and methicillin resistance (MRSP) has been identified as an emerging problem in canine pyoderma. Here, we evaluated the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) features and phylogeny of S. pseudintermedius isolated from canine pyoderma cases in Argentina (n = 29) and the United States (n = 29). 62% of isolates showed multi-drug resistance. The AMR genes found: mecA, blaZ, ermB, dfrG, catA, tetM, aac(6\')-aph(2″), in addition to tetK and lnuA (only found in U.S. isolates). Two point mutations were detected: grlA(S80I)-gyrA(S84L), and grlA(D84N)-gyrA(S84L) in one U.S. isolate. A mutation in rpoB (H481N) was found in two isolates from Argentina. SCCmec type III, SCCmec type V, ΨSCCmec57395 were identified in the Argentinian isolates; and SCCmec type III, SCCmec type IVg, SCCmec type V, and SCCmec type VII variant in the U.S. cohort. Sequence type (ST) ST71 belonging to a dominant clone was found in isolates from both countries, and ST45 only in Argentinian isolates. This is the first study to comparatively analyze the population structure of canine pyoderma-associated S. pseudintermedius isolates in Argentina and in the U.S. It is important to maintain surveillance on S. pseudintermedius populations to monitor AMR and gain further understanding of its evolution and dissemination.
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  • 文章类型: Review
    本研究旨在评估甲氧西林耐药对金黄色葡萄球菌骨髓炎患者预后的影响。我们回顾了2013年至2020年在我们临床中心治疗的所有四肢骨髓炎患者。包括所有患有金黄色葡萄球菌病原体感染的成年患者。感染控制方面的临床结果,住院时间,在24个月随访结束时观察并发症,并对有/无甲氧西林耐药的人群进行回顾性分析.总的来说,纳入482例因金黄色葡萄球菌引起的骨髓炎患者。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的比例为17%(82)和83%(400)的患者患有甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA)。在482名患者中,13.7%(66)在初次清创和抗生素治疗(6周)后出现感染持续性,需要反复清创,8.5%(41)在所有治疗结束和一段时间感染治愈后复发,在最后随访时,17例(3.5%)患者(病理性骨折;4例,骨不连;5例,截肢;8)出现并发症.在多变量分析之后,我们发现,与MSSA患者相比,MRSA引起的金黄色葡萄球菌骨髓炎患者更有可能发生持续性感染(OR:2.26;95%CI1.24~4.13).感染MRSA的患者也遭受了更多的并发症(8.5%vs.2.5%,p=0.015)和更长的住院时间(中位数:32vs.23天,p<0.001)。复发差异无统计学意义。数据表明,甲氧西林耐药对金黄色葡萄球菌骨髓炎患者的感染持续存在不利的临床意义。这些结果将有助于患者咨询和准备治疗。
    This study was designed to evaluate the impact of methicillin resistance on the outcomes among patients with S. aureus osteomyelitis. We reviewed all extremity osteomyelitis patients treated in our clinic center between 2013 and 2020. All adult patients with S. aureus pathogen infection were included. Clinical outcome in terms of infection control, length of hospital stay, and complications were observed at the end of a 24-month follow-up and retrospectively analyzed between populations with/without methicillin resistance. In total, 482 osteomyelitis patients due to S. aureus were enrolled. The proportion of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was 17% (82) and 83% (400) of patients had Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). Of 482 patients, 13.7% (66) presented with infection persistence after initial debridement and antibiotic treatment (6 weeks), needed repeated debridement, 8.5% (41) had recurrence after all treatment end and a period infection cure, complications were observed in 17 (3.5%) patients (pathologic fracture; 4, nonunion; 5, amputation; 8) at final follow-up. Following multivariate analysis, we found patients with S. aureus osteomyelitis due to MRSA are more likely to develop a persistent infection (OR: 2.26; 95% CI 1.24-4.13) compared to patients with MSSA. Patients infected with MRSA also suffered more complications (8.5% vs. 2.5%, p = 0.015) and longer hospital stays (median: 32 vs. 23 days, p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were found in recurrence. The data indicated Methicillin resistance had adverse clinical implication for infection persistence among patients with S. aureus osteomyelitis. These results will help for patients counsel and preparation for treatment.
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  • 文章类型: Letter
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    背景:我们比较了3家医院的临床金黄色葡萄球菌和从环境表面分离的金黄色葡萄球菌的特征。
    方法:从住院患者中收集临床金黄色葡萄球菌分离株。从感染金黄色葡萄球菌的患者的房间取样环境表面。在确定了目标生物的房间后,在环境服务进行房间清洁之前,使用拭子对患者护理区域中的3-5个高接触表面进行了采样。金黄色葡萄球菌分离株进行基因分型,抗菌药物敏感性试验,和毒力决定因素筛选。分析分离物的整合子含量和可变区扩增产物的序列。
    结果:有流行病学无关的79个临床和62个环境金黄色葡萄球菌分离株。总的来说,11.4%的临床和59.7%的环境分离株对甲氧西林耐药。环境和临床金黄色葡萄球菌表现出非常不同的毒力谱:79%的环境分离株与2.5%的临床分离株相比毒力基因阴性(P<.001)。与临床分离株相比,环境分离株对抗生素的耐药性更高。仅在62个环境分离株中的7个中检测到1类整合子,其中3个分离株具有半胱氨酸合酶盒的整合子,1有aadA1,1有一个未知的盒。
    结论:这些数据表明环境和临床金黄色葡萄球菌之间的不同特征,这可能反映了2组获得菌株的不同储层。
    We compared the characteristics of clinical Staphylococcus aureus and S. aureus isolated from environmental surfaces in 3 hospitals.
    Clinical S. aureus isolates were collected from hospitalized patients. Environmental surfaces were sampled from the rooms of patients infected with S. aureus. After identifying rooms with the target organism, 3-5 high-touch surfaces in patient care areas were sampled using swabs before room cleaning by environmental services. S. aureus isolates were subjected to genotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and virulence determinant screening. The isolates were analyzed for integron content and sequences of variable region amplification products.
    There were epidemiologically unrelated 79 clinical and 62 environmental S. aureus isolates. Overall, 11.4% of clinical and 59.7% of environmental isolates were methicillin-resistant. The environmental and clinical S. aureus exhibited very different virulence profiles: 79% of the environmental isolates were negative for virulence genes compared to 2.5% of clinical isolates (P < .001). Environmental isolates were more resistant to antibiotics compared to clinical isolates. Class 1 integrons were only detected in 7 of 62 environmental isolates, of which 3 isolates had integrons with cysteine synthase cassette, 1 had aadA1, and 1 had an unknown cassette.
    These data indicate the different characteristics between environmental and clinical S. aureus, which may reflect different reservoirs from which the 2 groups acquired the strains.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    UNASSIGNED:分析先天性鼻泪管阻塞(CNLDO)儿童的微生物学谱和抗生素敏感性模式。
    UNASSIGNED:这项前瞻性比较研究纳入了123例年龄在0-16岁的儿童,诊断为CNLDO,并接受了泪道外科手术。计划进行鼻泪管未闭眼内手术的年龄匹配组的62名儿童被视为对照组。CNLDO组对泪囊进行压力反流后的结膜拭子和对照组的结膜拭子被送去进行微生物学分析。通过KirbyBauer圆盘扩散法对常用抗生素进行了抗生素敏感性测试。
    未经证实:在CNLDO组收集的134个样本中,111(82.8%)样品为培养阳性。分离出165种细菌,其中革兰氏阳性菌139例(84.24%),26例(15.75%的分离株)为革兰氏阴性。在2.23%的病例中获得了真菌分离株。最常见的革兰氏阳性分离株是表皮葡萄球菌(S.表皮)(n=51,占总分离株的30.9%),最常见的革兰氏阴性分离株是流感嗜血杆菌(n=9,占总分离株的5.5%)。革兰阳性菌株对庆大霉素和万古霉素的敏感性最高(各95.5%),革兰氏阴性菌株对阿米卡星(92.3%)。革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性分离株均对加替沙星敏感(各80%)。革兰氏阳性的探测结果相似(成功,84.6%)和革兰氏阴性(成功,84.0%)生物。
    未经证实:在CNLDO患儿中,革兰氏阳性分离株占主导地位,表皮葡萄球菌是最常见的。微生物概况对探测结果没有任何影响。
    UNASSIGNED: To analyze the microbiological spectrum and antibiotic sensitivity patterns in children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO).
    UNASSIGNED: One hundred thirty-four eyes of 123 children in the age group of 0-16 years with a diagnosis of CNLDO who underwent lacrimal surgical procedures were included in this prospective comparative study. Sixty-two children in the age-matched group planned for intraocular surgery with patent nasolacrimal duct were deemed controls. The conjunctival swab after performing Regurgitation on Pressure over the Lacrimal Sac in the CNLDO group and the conjunctival swab in controls were sent for microbiological analysis. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done for commonly employed antibiotics by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method.
    UNASSIGNED: Of 134 samples collected in the CNLDO group, 111 (82.8%) samples were culture positive. There were 165 bacteria isolated, among which 139 (84.24% of isolates) were Gram-positive bacteria, and 26 (15.75% of isolates) were Gram-negative. Fungal isolates were obtained in 2.23% of cases. The most common Gram-positive isolate was Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) (n = 51, 30.9% of total isolates), and the most common Gram-negative isolate was Haemophilus influenza species (n = 9, 5.5% of total isolates). Gram-positive isolates were sensitive mostly to gentamicin and vancomycin (95.5% each), and Gram-negative isolates to amikacin (92.3%). Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates were susceptible to gatifloxacin (80% each). Probing outcomes were similar among Gram-positive (success, 84.6%) and Gram-negative (success, 84.0%) organisms.
    UNASSIGNED: There was a predominance of Gram-positive isolates in children with CNLDO with S. epidermidis being the most common. The microbiological profile did not have any effect on the outcomes of probing.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    BACKGROUND: Rifampicin (RFP) is a potential treatment for canine multidrug-resistant (MDR) meticillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS), yet the use of lower doses based on recent MIC data has not been evaluated in vivo.
    OBJECTIVE: To provide information on the efficacy and safety of low-dose range RFP (≤6 mg/kg/day) for the treatment of canine MDR MRS pyoderma.
    METHODS: Fifty-one client-owned dogs.
    METHODS: Retrospective review of dogs medical records. Dogs were from 11 US dermatology referral practices and had oral RFP at ≤6 mg/kg/day. Data evaluated included response to treatment, adverse events, and serum changes in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP).
    RESULTS: Complete resolution of pyoderma occurred in 39 of 51 dogs (76.5%). Topical antimicrobials were used concurrently in most cases (47 of 51; 92.2%). ALP elevation >1.5-fold of baseline or the high end of the reference range occurred in nine of 37 (24.3%) dogs, while ALT elevation above baseline and the high end of the reference range occurred in two of 36 (5.6%). Only six of 51 (11.8%) had clinical adverse events during treatment; five of six (83.3%) were mild reactions consisting of lethargy and gastrointestinal signs, while one dog had a possible cutaneous adverse drug reaction. Of those that experienced clinical adverse events, four of six (66.7%) did not have concurrent increased liver enzyme activity, while two of six (33.3%) had elevations in ALP alone.
    CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose RFP (≤6 mg/kg/day) appears to be a relatively safe and effective single-agent systemic antibiotic in combination with topical antimicrobials for canine MDR MRS pyoderma.
    BACKGROUND: La rifampicine (RFP) est un traitement potentiel des staphylocoques canins multirésistants (MDR) résistants à la méticilline (MRS), mais l\'utilisation de doses plus faibles sur la base de données récentes sur la CMI n\'a pas été évaluée in vivo. Hypothèse/Objectifs : Fournir des informations sur l\'efficacité et l\'innocuité des RFP à faible dose (≤ 6 mg/kg/jour) pour le traitement de la pyodermite MDR-MR canine. Animaux : Cinquante et un chiens de propriétaires. Matériels et méthodes : Revue rétrospective de chiens ayant reçu RFP par voie orale à des doses ≤ 6 mg/kg/jour provenant des dossiers médicaux de 11 centres de référés en dermatologie aux États-Unis. Les données évaluées comprenaient la réponse au traitement, les événements indésirables et les modifications sériques de l\'alanine aminotransférase (ALT) et de la phosphatase alcaline (ALP). Résultats : Une résolution complète de la pyodermite s\'est produite chez 39 des 51 chiens (76,5 %). Des antimicrobiens topiques ont été utilisés simultanément dans la plupart des cas (47 sur 51 ; 92,2 %). Une élévation de l\'ALP> 1,5 fois la ligne de base ou l\'extrémité supérieure de la plage de référence s\'est produite chez neuf des 37 (24,3%) chiens, tandis qu\'une élévation de l\'ALT au-dessus de la ligne de base et de l\'extrémité supérieure de la plage de référence s\'est produite chez deux des 36 (5,6%). Seuls six sur 51 (11,8 %) ont eu des événements indésirables cliniques pendant le traitement ; cinq des six (83,3 %) étaient des réactions bénignes consistant en une léthargie et des signes gastro-intestinaux, tandis qu\'un chien a eu un possible effet indésirable cutané au médicament. Parmi ceux qui ont subi des événements indésirables cliniques, quatre sur six (66,7 %) n\'ont pas eu d\'augmentation simultanée de l\'activité des enzymes hépatiques, tandis que deux sur six (33,3 %) ont présenté des élévations de l\'ALP seule. Conclusions et pertinence clinique : La RFP à faible dose (≤ 6 mg/kg/jour) semble être un antibiotique systémique à agent unique relativement sûr et efficace en association avec des antimicrobiens topiques pour la pyodermite MDR MRS canine.
    Introducción- la rifampicina (RFP) es un tratamiento potencial para los estafilococos resistentes a múltiples fármacos (MDR) y meticilina (MRS), sin embargo, el uso de dosis más bajas basado en datos recientes de MIC no se ha evaluado in vivo. Hipótesis/Objetivos- Proporcionar información sobre la eficacia y seguridad de RFP en el rango de dosis bajas (≤6 mg/kg/día) para el tratamiento de la pioderma canina MDR MRS. Animales- Cincuenta y un perros propietarios particulares. Materiales y métodos- revisión retrospectiva de perros que recibieron RFP oral a dosis ≤6 mg/kg/día obtenida de historiales clínicos de 11 prácticas de referencia de dermatología de los Estados Unidos. Los datos evaluados incluyeron la respuesta al tratamiento, los eventos adversos y los cambios séricos en la alanina aminotransferasa (ALT) y la fosfatasa alcalina (ALP). Resultados- una resolución completa de la pioderma ocurrió en 39 de 51 perros (76,5 %). Antimicrobianos tópicos se usaron al mismo tiempo en la mayoría de los casos (47 de 51; 92,2%). En nueve de 37 (24,3 %) perros se produjo una elevación de ALP >1,5 veces respecto al valor inicial o el extremo superior del rango de referencia, mientras que en dos de 36 (5,6 %) se produjo una elevación de ALT por encima del valor inicial y en el límite superior del rango de referencia. Solo seis de 51 (11,8%) tuvieron eventos adversos clínicos durante el tratamiento; cinco de seis (83,3 %) fueron reacciones leves que consistieron en letargo y signos gastrointestinales, mientras que un perro tuvo una posible reacción cutánea adversa al medicamento. De los que experimentaron eventos adversos clínicos, cuatro de seis (66,7 %) no tuvieron un aumento simultáneo de la actividad de las enzimas hepáticas, mientras que dos de seis (33,3 %) tuvieron elevaciones en la ALP por sí sola. Conclusiones y relevancia clínica- la dosis baja de RFP (≤6 mg/kg/día) parece ser un antibiótico sistémico de uso único relativamente seguro y efectivo en combinación con antimicrobianos tópicos para la pioderma canina MDR MRS.
    Hintergrund: Rifampicin (RFP) ist eine mögliche Behandlung für multi-resistente (MDR) Methicillin-resistente Staphylokokken (MRS) des Hundes, wobei allerdings der Einsatz niedrigerer Dosen basierend auf jüngsten MIC Daten bis jetzt noch nicht in vivo evaluiert wurden. Hypothese/Ziele: Informationen zu liefern in Bezug auf die Wirksamkeit und die Sicherheit von niedrig-dosiertem RFP (≤6 mg/kg/Tag) zur Behandlung der MDR MRS Pyodermie des Hundes. Tiere: Einundfünfzig Hunde in Privatbesitz Material und Methoden: Es handelt sich hierbei um eine retrospektive Review von Hunden, die RFP bei einer Dosierung von ≤6 mg/kg/Tag per os erhielten; diese wurden aus den Patientenkarteien von 11 dermatologischen Überweisungspraxen in den Vereinigten Staaten herausgesucht. Die Daten, die evaluiert wurden, betrafen Antwort auf die Behandlung, Nebenwirkungen, Serumveränderungen der Alanin Aminotransferase (ALT) und der alkalischen Phosphatase (ALP). Ergebnisse: Eine komplette Abheilung der Pyodermie erfolgte in 39 von 51 Hunden (76,5%). Topische antimikrobielle Substanzen wurden in den meisten Fällen (47 von 51; 92,2%) gleichzeitig angewendet. Eine ALP Erhöhung auf das 1,5-fache der Ausgangsbasis oder dem oberen Rand der Referenzwerte erfolgte in neun von 37 (24,3%) der Hunde während ALT Erhöhungen über den Ausgangswert und das obere Limit des Referenzwertes nur bei zwei von 36 (5,6%) Hunden auftrat. Nur sechs von 51 (11,8%) zeigten klinische Nebenwirkungen während der Behandlung; fünf von sechs (83,3%) zeigten milde Reaktionen, die aus Lethargie und gastrointestinalen Beschwerden bestanden, während ein Hund eine mögliche kutane Nebenwirkungsreaktion zeigte. Von jenen Hunden, die klinische Nebenwirkungen zeigten, hatten vier von sechs (66,7%) keine bleibenden erhöhten Leberwerte, während zwei von sechs (33,3%) nur eine erhöhte ALP zeigten. Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Bedeutung: RFP niedrig dosiert (≤6 mg/kg/Tag) in Kombination mit topischen antimikrobiellen Substanzen scheint eine relativ sichere und wirksame Methode zu sein, um mit einem einzigen Antibiotikum die MDR MRS Pyodermie des Hundes systemisch zu behandeln.
    背景- リファンピシン(RFP)は犬の多剤耐性(MDR)メチシリン耐性ブドウ球菌(MRS)に対する治療薬として期待されているが,最近のMICデータに基づく低用量の使用はin vivoでは評価されていない。 仮説/目的- 本研究の目的は、犬のMDR MRS膿皮症に対する低用量域RFP(≦6 mg/kg/day)の有効性および安全性に関する情報を提供することであった。 供試動物- オーナー所有犬 51 頭。 材料と方法- 米国11カ所の皮膚科紹介施設の診療記録から入手した、6mg/kg/day以下の用量のRFPを経口投与された犬の回顧的レビュー。評価したデータは、治療に対する反応、有害事象、アラニンアミノトランスフェラーゼ(ALT)およびアルカリホスファターゼ(ALP)の血清変化などである。 結果 51頭中39頭(76.5%)で膿皮症は完治した。ほとんどの症例で外用抗菌薬が併用された(51頭中47頭,92.2%)。ALPが基準値の1.5倍以上または基準値の上限を超えたのは37頭中9頭(24.3%)、ALTが基準値の上限を超えたのは36頭中2頭(5.6%)であった。臨床的有害事象は51頭中6頭(11.8%)に発現し,6頭中5頭(83.3%)が嗜眠や消化器症状からなる軽度の反応であり,1頭が皮膚の副作用の可能性があった。また,臨床的有害事象のうち,6頭中4頭(66.7%)は肝酵素活性の上昇を同時に認めず,6頭中2頭(33.3%)はALPのみの上昇を認めた。 結論と臨床的関連性 犬のMDR型MRS膿皮症に対する低用量RFP(≦6 mg/kg/day)は,外用抗菌薬との併用で比較的安全かつ有効な単剤全身用抗菌薬と思われた。.
    背景:利福平 (RFP) 是治疗犬多重耐药 (MDR) 耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌 (MRS) 的潜在药物,但基于最近的 MIC 数据,尚未评价在体内较低剂量的使用。 假设/目的:提供低剂量范围RFP(≤6 mg/kg/天)治疗犬 MDR MRS 脓皮病的疗效和安全性信息。 动物:51只私家犬。 材料和方法:回顾性审查接受剂量≤6 mg/kg/天 RFP 经口给药的犬,来自11家美国皮肤科转诊诊所的病历。评价的数据包括治疗效果、不良反应和血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶 (ALT) 和碱性磷酸酶 (ALP) 变化。 结果:51只犬中有39只 (76.5%) 的脓皮病完全消退。大多数病例同时使用外部抗菌剂 (47/51;92.2%)。37只犬中有9只 (24.3%) 发生 ALP 升高 > 1.5倍基线值或参考范围上限,而36只犬中有2只 (5.6%) 发生 ALT 升高高于基线值和参考范围上限。治疗期间,51只犬中仅6只 (11.8%) 发生临床不良反应;6只犬中的5只 (83.3%) 为轻度反应,包括嗜睡和胃肠道症状,而1只犬可能发生皮肤药物不良反应。在发生临床不良反应的犬中,6例中的4例 (66.7%) 未同时发生肝酶活性升高,而6例中的2例 (33.3%) 仅发生 ALP 升高。.
    Contexto - A rifampicina (RFP) é um tratamento potencial para estafilococos resistentes à meticilina (MRS) multirresistentes (MDR) e a utilização de doses mais baixas baseado em dados recentes de MIC não foi avaliada in vivo. Hipótese/Objetivos: Fornecer informações sobre a eficácia e segurança de RFP em menor dosagem (≤6 mg/kg/dia) para o tratamento de piodermite canina por MRS MDR. Animais: Cinquenta e um cães de clientes. Materiais e métodos: Uma revisão retrospectiva dos prontuários de cães que receberam RFP oral na dose de ≤6 mg/kg/dia em 11 clínicas dermatológicas nos Estados Unidos. Os dados avaliados incluíram resposta ao tratamento, eventos adversos, alterações séricas de alanina aminotransferase (ALT) e fosfatase alcalina (FA). Resultados: Resolução completa da piodermite ocorreu em 39 de 51 dos cães (76,5%). Antimicrobianos tópicos foram utilizados concomitantemente na maioria dos casos (47 de 51; 92,2%). Elevação de mais de 1,5 vezes na FA ou para o limite superior do intervalo de referência ocorreu em nove de 37 cães (24,3%), enquanto a elevação de ALT acima do valor inicial e o limite superior do valor de referência ocorreu em dois de 36 (5,6%). Apenas cinco de 51 (11,8%) apresentaram efeitos adversos durante o tratamento; cinco de seis (83,3%) tiveram reações leves caracterizadas por letargia e sinais gastrointestinais, enquanto um cão apresentou uma possível farmacodermia. Dos que apresentaram eventos adversos, quatro de seis (66,7%) não apresentaram aumento concomitante de enzimas hepáticas, enquanto dois de seis (33,3%) tiveram aumento de FA isoladamente. Conclusões e relevância clínica - RFP em baixa dosagem (≤6 mg/kg/dia) aparenta ser relativamente segura e eficaz em monoterapia no tratamento da piodermite canina por MRS MDR por via sistêmica, associada a antimicrobianos tópicos.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    我们进行了一项试点全基因组测序(WGS)研究,以表征从东部省的山羊及其农场环境中回收的九种耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌(MRS)分离株的基因型。沙特阿拉伯,2019年11月至2020年8月。9个菌株中有7个是耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA),两种是耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌(MRSE)。所有MRSA分离株都具有先前鉴定为感染人类的基因型,包括携带ST6-SCCmecIV-T304的分离株(n=4),ST5-SCCmecVI-t688(n=2)和ST5-SCCmecV-t311(n=1)。2个MRSA分离物具有与从人和家禽中回收的金黄色葡萄球菌分离物中鉴定的质粒遗传相似的质粒。相比之下,在三个MRSA分离株和一个MRSE分离株中发现的质粒与从人类中回收的质粒在遗传上相似。所有MRSA分离株都具有先前与人类感染相关的宿主先天调节基因sak和scn。MRSE分离株的基因型被确定为ST35,一种众所周知的人畜共患序列类型和ST153,与人类相关。然而,由于在其SCCmec元件中鉴定出额外的ccr复合物,因此MRSE分离株无法分型。此外,我们在ST153分离物中鉴定出SCCmec元件还含有精氨酸分解代谢移动元件(ACME)IV。所有MRS分离株对甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑具有表型抗性,一种用于MRS脱色的抗生素。三个分离株在其SCCmec元件中携带抗生素抗性基因,这是以前没有描述的,包括MRSASCCmecVI中包含的编码夫西地酸抗性(fusC)和甲氧苄啶抗性(dfrC)的那些。重要性我们的研究结果表明,耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌可能在山羊与当地环境之间以及山羊与人类之间交叉传播。由于对多种抗生素的耐药性不断增加,MRS的负担对畜牧业有重大影响,公共卫生,和世界经济。这项研究强调,在牲畜和农场环境中实施全基因组测序监测的整体方法将有助于我们了解耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌的传播,最重要的是,允许我们实施适当的感染控制和卫生习惯。
    We conducted a pilot whole genome sequencing (WGS) study to characterize the genotypes of nine methicillin resistant staphylococci (MRS) isolates recovered from goats and their farm environments in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia, between November 2019 to August 2020. Seven out of nine isolates were methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and two were methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE). All MRSA isolates possessed genotypes previously identified to infect humans, including isolates harboring ST6-SCCmec IV-t304 (n = 4), ST5-SCCmec VI- t688 (n = 2) and ST5-SCCmec V-t311 (n = 1). 2 MRSA isolates possessed plasmids that were genetically similar to those identified in S. aureus isolates recovered from humans and poultry. In contrast, plasmids found in three MRSA isolates and one MRSE isolate were genetically similar to those recovered from humans. All MRSA isolates harbored the host innate modulate genes sak and scn previously associated with human infections. The genotypes of MRSE isolates were determined as ST35, a well-known zoonotic sequence type and ST153, which has been associated with humans. However, the MRSE isolates were untypeable due to extra ccr complexes identified in their SCCmec elements. Moreover, we identified in ST153 isolate SCCmec element also harbored the Arginine Catabolic Mobile Element (ACME) IV. All MRS isolates were phenotypically resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, an antibiotic for the decolonization of MRS. Three isolates carried antibiotic resistance genes in their SCCmec elements that were not previously described, including those encoding fusidic acid resistance (fusC) and trimethoprim resistance (dfrC) incorporated in the MRSA SCCmec VI. IMPORTANCE Our findings demonstrate a possible cross-transmission of methicillin resistant staphylococci between goats and their local environments and between goats and humans. Due to ever increasing resistance to multiple antibiotics, the burden of MRS has a significant impact on livestock farming, public health, and the economy worldwide. This study highlights that implementing a holistic approach to whole genome sequencing surveillance in livestock and farm environments would aid our understanding of the transmission of methicillin resistant staphylococci and, most importantly, allow us to implement appropriate infection control and hygiene practices.
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