Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are targeted biological agents composed of a cytotoxic drug linked to a monoclonal antibody through a linker. The monoclonal antibody targets tumor cells and transports small-molecule cytotoxic drugs for specific delivery and minimal off-target side effects. It is necessary for clinicians to understand the molecular characteristics and mechanisms of ADCs. Patients\' survival mainly depends on the appropriate dose and course of treatment and also on proper management of adverse reactions. This consensus provides a systematic review of commercially available ADCs and further discusses the clinical application and management of ADCs.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a class of targeted biological agents that link cytotoxic drugs to monoclonal antibodies through linkers. The monoclonal antibody targets tumor cells and transports small-molecule cytotoxic drugs for specific delivery and minimal off-target side effects. September 30, 2022, 14 anti-tumor ADC drugs have been approved for marketing in the world, and four ADCs have been approved in China. With the improvement of the clinical accessibility of ADC drugs, clinicians urgently need to understand the molecular characteristics and mechanisms of ADCs, and clarify the indications for rational use of drugs. Patients\' survival mainly depends on the appropriate dose and course of treatment and also on proper management of adverse reactions. In view of this, on the basis of the \"Expert Consensus on the Clinical Application of Antibody-drug Conjugates for the Treatment of Malignant Tumors (2020 edition)\" , Professional Committee on Clinical Research of Oncology Drugs, Chinese Anti-Cancer Association fully combines the existing clinical research evidence and the feasibility of current ADC drugs in China to update the consensus content. This consensus aims to provide a systematic overview of ADC drugs, so as to provide practical and effective suggestions and references for clinicians to apply and manage ADC drugs more accurately.
抗体药物偶联物(ADC)是一类通过连接子将细胞毒性药物连接到单克隆抗体的靶向生物制剂，可高效靶向转运至目标肿瘤细胞而发挥抗肿瘤作用。截至2022年9月30日，全球已经有14种抗肿瘤ADC药物获得批准上市，中国获得批准上市的ADC有4种。随着ADC药物临床可及性的提高，临床医师亟需深入熟悉其分子特征和机制，明确适应证以合理用药。此外，选择合适的剂量和疗程，有效管理不良反应，可指导临床用药，甚至改善患者的预后转归。鉴于此，中国抗癌协会肿瘤药物临床研究专业委员会在《抗体药物偶联物治疗恶性肿瘤临床应用专家共识(2020版)》的基础上，基于临床研究证据，结合中国目前ADC药物的可及性，对共识进行更新，旨在对ADC药物进行系统性概述，从而为临床医师更精准地应用和管理ADC药物提供切实有效的建议和参考。.

Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN) is a common hematological adverse events and dose-limiting toxicities of chemotherapy. CIN may lead to dose reduction and delay of chemotherapeutic agents, febrile neutropenia and severe infection, which results in increased treatment cost, reduced efficacy of chemotherapy, and even life-threatening morbidities. Assessment of risk of CIN, early detection of FN and infection, and proper prevention and treatment play a crucial role in reducing the occurrence of CIN-related morbidities, improving patient treatment safety and anticancer efficacy. Based on evidence and expert opinion, the expert committee of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association issued \"the consensus on diagnosis and treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in China (2023 edition)\", which is an update version of the 2019 edition, aiming to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of CIN for Chinese oncologists.
肿瘤化疗导致的中性粒细胞减少是化疗常见的血液学不良事件和剂量限制性不良反应。化疗导致的中性粒细胞减少有可能导致化学药物减量或延迟、粒细胞减少性发热和严重的感染，从而增加治疗费用、降低化疗效果、甚至会导致危及生命的并发症。因此，正确评估患者发生中性粒细胞减少的风险，早期识别粒细胞减少性发热和感染并进行合理的预防和治疗，对减少化疗所致中性粒细胞减少相关并发症、提高患者治疗安全及抗肿瘤化学治疗的疗效等方面具有重要意义。基于循证医学证据和专家共识，中国抗癌协会肿瘤临床化疗专业委员会和中国抗癌协会肿瘤支持治疗专业委员会制定了《中国肿瘤化疗导致的中性粒细胞减少诊治专家共识(2023版)》，在《肿瘤化疗导致的中性粒细胞减少的诊治专家共识(2019版)》的基础上进行了更新，旨在为我国肿瘤学医师提供关于化疗导致的中性粒细胞减少诊断和治疗有效的建议与参考。.

The goal of this guideline/procedure standard is to assist nuclear medicine physicians, other nuclear medicine professionals, oncologists or other medical specialists for recommended use of [18F]FDG PET/CT in oncological patients undergoing immunotherapy, with special focus on response assessment in solid tumors.
In a cooperative effort between the EANM, the SNMMI and the ANZSNM, clinical indications, recommended imaging procedures and reporting standards have been agreed upon and summarized in this joint guideline/procedure standard.
The field of immuno-oncology is rapidly evolving, and this guideline/procedure standard should not be seen as definitive, but rather as a guidance document standardizing the use and interpretation of [18F]FDG PET/CT during immunotherapy. Local variations to this guideline should be taken into consideration.
The European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) is a professional non-profit medical association founded in 1985 to facilitate worldwide communication among individuals pursuing clinical and academic excellence in nuclear medicine. The Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI) is an international scientific and professional organization founded in 1954 to promote science, technology and practical application of nuclear medicine. The Australian and New Zealand Society of Nuclear Medicine (ANZSNM), founded in 1969, represents the major professional society fostering the technical and professional development of nuclear medicine practice across Australia and New Zealand. It promotes excellence in the nuclear medicine profession through education, research and a commitment to the highest professional standards. EANM, SNMMI and ANZSNM members are physicians, technologists, physicists and scientists specialized in the research and clinical practice of nuclear medicine. All three societies will periodically put forth new standards/guidelines for nuclear medicine practice to help advance the science of nuclear medicine and improve service to patients. Existing standards/guidelines will be reviewed for revision or renewal, as appropriate, on their fifth anniversary or sooner, if indicated. Each standard/guideline, representing a policy statement by the EANM/SNMMI/ANZSNM, has undergone a thorough consensus process, entailing extensive review. These societies recognize that the safe and effective use of diagnostic nuclear medicine imaging requires particular training and skills, as described in each document. These standards/guidelines are educational tools designed to assist practitioners in providing appropriate and effective nuclear medicine care for patients. These guidelines are consensus documents based on current knowledge. They are not intended to be inflexible rules or requirements of practice, nor should they be used to establish a legal standard of care. For these reasons and those set forth below, the EANM, SNMMI and ANZSNM caution against the use of these standards/guidelines in litigation in which the clinical decisions of a practitioner are called into question. The ultimate judgment regarding the propriety of any specific procedure or course of action must be made by medical professionals considering the unique circumstances of each case. Thus, there is no implication that an action differing from what is laid out in the guidelines/procedure standards, standing alone, is below standard of care. To the contrary, a conscientious practitioner may responsibly adopt a course of action different from that set forth in the standards/guidelines when, in the reasonable judgment of the practitioner, such course of action is indicated by the condition of the patient, limitations of available resources or advances in knowledge or technology subsequent to publication of the guidelines/procedure standards. The practice of medicine involves not only the science, but also the art of dealing with the prevention, diagnosis, alleviation and treatment of disease. The variety and complexity of human conditions make it impossible for general guidelines to consistently allow for an accurate diagnosis to be reached or a particular treatment response to be predicted. Therefore, it should be recognized that adherence to these standards/ guidelines will not ensure a successful outcome. All that should be expected is that practitioners follow a reasonable course of action, based on their level of training, current knowledge, clinical practice guidelines, available resources and the needs/context of the patient being treated. The sole purpose of these guidelines is to assist practitioners in achieving this objective. The present guideline/procedure standard was developed collaboratively by the EANM, the SNMMI and the ANZSNM, with the support of international experts in the field. They summarize also the views of the Oncology and Theranostics and the Inflammation and Infection Committees of the EANM, as well as the procedure standards committee of the SNMMI, and reflect recommendations for which the EANM and SNMMI cannot be held responsible. The recommendations should be taken into the context of good practice of nuclear medicine and do not substitute for national and international legal or regulatory provisions.

Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is a type of targeted biological agent which connect cytotoxic drug to monoclonal antibody by a connector head, which enables monoclonal antibody acted as a carrier to efficiently transport small molecular cytotoxic drugs to target tumor cells. It is very important for clinicians to have an in-depth understanding of the molecular characteristics and mechanism of ADC drugs, rationally choose the appropriate dose, course of treatment and manage adverse reactions according to the indications during the clinical application of ADC drugs, which may even affect the survival of patients. Therefore, the consensus aims to conduct a systematic overview of commercially available ADC drugs, provide effective recommendations and references for clinicians to better apply and manage ADC drugs.
抗体药物偶联物(ADC)是一类通过连接头将细胞毒性药物连接到单克隆抗体的靶向生物药剂，以单抗作为载体将小分子细胞毒性药物以靶向方式高效地运输至目标肿瘤细胞中。深入了解ADC药物的分子特征和机制特点，并在ADC药物临床应用过程中根据适应证合理用药，选择合适的剂量和疗程，有效管理不良反应，对临床医师而言十分重要，甚至可能影响患者的生存转归。因此，共识旨在对市面可及的ADC药物进行系统概述，从而为临床医师更好地应用和管理ADC药物提供切实有效的建议和参考。.