Odontogenic myxoma is a rare and aggressive tumor. Identifying the tumor based on imaging characteristics can pose a challenge due to similarities in features with other tumors, such as ameloblastomas and aneurysmal bone cysts. We report a 33-year-old female who presented with a palpable, tender mass in the lower right jaw. A computed tomography scan revealed a multicystic tumor which was proved to be an odontogenic myxoma. The patient underwent partial surgical resection followed by CO2 laser-assisted evaporation. During 1-year follow-up, the patient showed satisfactory results and no signs of tumor growth. This case report highlights the diagnostic challenges associated with odontogenic myxoma, emphasizing age as a key diagnostic feature.

Tubulopapillary hidradenoma-like tumor of the mandible is extremely rare, with only 3 cases published in the English-language literature. The clinicopathological characteristics and histogenesis of this tumor are unclear. Few pathologists and perhaps fewer clinicians are familiar with this entity, and it is likely underrecognized and under-reported. Herein, we present two additional cases, both misdiagnosed as malignancies preoperatively and postoperatively by different unwary pathologists. Awareness and knowledge of this enigmatic entity and its clinical and radiographic features, together with careful morphological assessment should enable the correct diagnosis and prevent unnecessary treatment.

The natural history of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is still heavily debated. It\'s anonymous natural history is precisely denoted by its new adapted terminology \'undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS)\'. Thus to diagnose a lesion as UPS, it is vital to correlate its histopathological features along with its immunohistochemical (IHC) expressions to confirm the tumor cell lineage. MFH is extremely rare in mandible with the literature search in PubMed database revealing only 13 case reports of MFH involving the mandible. Among these, only 7 case reports provide IHC details of the case. Without IHC data it is not possible to determine the accuracy of the diagnosis in the remaining 6 cases. Here we report an additional 8th case of MFH involving the ramus and angle of the mandible. Histopathology revealed proliferating malignant spindle cells interspersed with histiocyte-like cells. The tumor cells were strongly positive for vimentin and CD68 and were negative for S-100, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and cytokeratin (CK). The diagnosis was made by correlating the histopathological findings with the IHC profile. The report also provides the data (clinical, radiographic, histopathological, immunohistochemical features and treatment details) extracted from the 7 confirmed MFH case reports involving the mandible.

Introduction: Primordial odontogenic tumors are a rare recently described mixed odontogenic tumor composed histopathologically of dental papilla like tissue and enamel organ like tissue. Only nine cases have been documented worldwide and we are reporting the tenth case which is from Egypt. Clinical finding: A 2-year-old Egyptian boy that presented with an asymptomatic swelling of the mandible which appeared with multilocular radiolucency associated with an impacted developing tooth on a computerized tomography (CT) scan. Diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes: The lesion was excised and diagnosed as a primordial odontogenic tumor. The patient was followed up for two years with no recurrence. Conclusion: Differentiation of primordial odontogenic tumors from other odontogenic tumors, which resemble it histopathologically is crucial to avoid unnecessary aggressive treatment.

We report here a case of unusually large brown tumor of mandible mimicking cherubism in a patient with secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). The patient is a young male with a large head and a protruding jaw with an open mouth appearance. Initial clinical appearance looked like cherubism. However further clinical, biochemical, and radiological evaluation revealed a large brown tumor in a case of prolonged secondary HPT, which was confirmed on histopathology. All of the typical advanced radiological features of HPT were noted, highlighting the severity of progression of the disease. This case emphasizes the need for surveillance of serum calcium levels on routine biochemical investigations as to enable an early diagnosis of HPT. With timely proper management, such cases should be on the decline in the future.

Cyst-like lesions in the mandible rarely develop into malignancies, and the reported incidence is between 0.3 and 2%. The present study describes a rare case of primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma of the mandible arising from an odontogenic cyst. A 59-year-old female was referred to Asahi University Murakami Memorial Hospital (Gifu, Japan), with acute pain in the right molars. An initial examination revealed buccal swelling and paresthesia of the mental nerve. Following an intraoral examination, the oral mucosa was confirmed to be normal, however, percussion pain was experienced between the lower right first premolar and second molar. Panoramic radiography revealed a retained lower right wisdom tooth and an irregular radiolucent area between the lower right molar and a mandibular angle with unclear margins. Computed tomography revealed diffuse bone resorption and an extensive loss of cortical bone on the buccal and lingual sides. A biopsy was performed and the pathological diagnosis was of a squamous cell carcinoma arising from the epithelial lining of the odontogenic cyst. Radical dissection was subsequently performed, however, histopathological examination of the resected specimen revealed neither invasion into the surrounding tissues penetrating the periosteum nor lymph node metastasis at the right submandibular lesion. Following the pathological diagnosis of primary intraosseous carcinoma (PIOC), the patient received 6,000 Gy radiation as post-operative radiotherapy and chemotherapy with oral administration of tegafur, gimeracil and oteracil potassium. The patient is currently undergoing follow-up examinations. Although PIOC arising from an odontogenic cyst is rare, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis for radiolucency of the jaw bone, particularly in older patients exhibiting a history of cystic lesions.