邻苯二甲酸酯和双酚A(BPA)是在塑料生产中广泛用作原料的化合物,让它们在我们的日常生活中无处不在。这导致广泛的人类暴露和人类健康危害。尽管已经在世界各地的不同地区努力评估这些化合物的风险,数据分散可能会掩盖重要趋势,这些趋势可能有助于更新当前的指南和法规。这项研究提供了对人类接触这些化学物质水平的全面全球评估,考虑到饮食和非饮食摄入,并评估相关风险。总的来说,全球报告的邻苯二甲酸盐和双酚A的每日暴露摄入量(EDI)值分别为1.11×10-7至3700µgkgbw-1d-1和3.00×10-5至6.56µgkgbw-1d-1。然而,研究表明,邻苯二甲酸盐的剂量-累加效应可使EDI增加至5100µgkgbw-1d-1,在非致癌(HQ)和致癌(CR)效应方面具有较高的风险.邻苯二甲酸酯和双酚A的全球HQ值分别为2.25×10-7至3.66和2.74×10-7至9.72×10-2。同时,大量研究显示了邻苯二甲酸苄丁酯(BBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)的高CR值。此外,在许多研究中,DEHP显示了人类最高的最大平均CR值,比BBP高179倍。尽管有越来越多的证据表明这些化学物质在低剂量暴露时对动物和人类有有害影响,大多数法规尚未更新。因此,本文强调需要更新指南和公共政策,考虑到低剂量暴露的不利影响的令人信服的证据,它警告不要使用替代增塑剂作为邻苯二甲酸酯和BPA的替代品,因为它们的安全性存在显著差距。
Phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) are compounds widely used as raw materials in the production of plastics, making them ubiquitous in our daily lives. This results in widespread human exposure and human health hazards. Although efforts have been conducted to evaluate the risk of these compounds in diverse regions around the world, data scattering may mask important trends that could be useful for updating current
guidelines and regulations. This study offers a comprehensive global assessment of human exposure levels to these chemicals, considering dietary and nondietary ingestion, and evaluates the associated risk. Overall, the exposure daily intake (EDI) values of phthalates and BPA reported worldwide ranged from 1.11 × 10-7 to 3 700 µg kg bw-1 d-1 and from 3.00 × 10-5 to 6.56 µg kg bw-1 d-1, respectively. Nevertheless, the dose-additive effect of phthalates has been shown to increase the EDI up to 5 100 µg kg bw-1 d-1, representing a high risk in terms of noncarcinogenic (HQ) and carcinogenic (CR) effects. The worldwide HQ values of phthalates and BPA ranged from 2.25 × 10-7 to 3.66 and from 2.74 × 10-7 to 9.72 × 10-2, respectively. Meanwhile, a significant number of studies exhibit high CR values for benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Moreover, DEHP has shown the highest maximum mean CR values for humans in numerous studies, up to 179-fold higher than BBP. Despite mounting evidence of the harmful effects of these chemicals at low-dose exposure on animals and humans, most regulations have not been updated. Thus, this article emphasizes the need for updating
guidelines and public policies considering compelling evidence for the adverse effects of low-dose exposure, and it cautions against the use of alternative plasticizers as substitutes for phthalates and BPA because of the significant gaps in their safety.