背景:口腔健康是总体幸福感和生活质量的决定因素。个人行为,如口腔卫生和饮食习惯,在口腔健康中起着核心作用。动机是促进行为改变的关键因素,游戏化提供了一种手段来提高健康相关知识和鼓励积极的健康行为。
目的:本研究旨在评估游戏化及其机制对儿童和青少年口腔保健的影响。
方法:系统搜索涵盖多个数据库:PubMed/MEDLINE,PsycINFO,Cochrane图书馆,ScienceDirect,和LILACS。灰色文学,会议记录,并考虑了WHOQOL互联网资源。包括2013年1月至2022年12月的研究,除了PubMed/MEDLINE,一直搜索到2023年1月。根据PRISMA(系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目)指南,共选择了15项研究。资格标准经过同行评审,全文,以及与口腔保健游戏化相关的实证研究,影响报告,和口腔保健结果。排除标准包括重复文章;不可用全文;非原创文章;和非数字游戏相关,与口腔健康无关,和协议研究。对选定的研究进行了游戏化机制和结果的审查。提出了两个主要问题:“口腔保健中的游戏化是否会影响口腔健康?”和“口腔保健游戏化是否会增强健康促进和素养?”PICO(患者,干预,比较,结果)框架指导了范围界定审查。
结果:最初,从5个数据库和灰色文献来源获得617个记录。应用排除标准后,选择了15条记录。所选研究的样本量为34至190名儿童和青少年。大部分(11/15,73%)的研究讨论了基于证据的口腔健康支持的口腔自我护理应用程序。应用程序中定义最明确的数据是“刷牙时间”(11/11,100%)和“每日刷牙量”(10/11,91%)。大多数研究(11/15,73%)提到口腔保健行为改变技术,并包括“提示意图形成”(11/26,42%),“提供说明”(11/26,42%),“提供关于行为-健康链接的信息”(10/26,38%),“提供后果信息”(9/26,35%),“建模或演示行为”(9/26,35%),“提供绩效反馈”(8/26,31%),和“提供或有奖励”(8/26,31%)。此外,80%(12/15)的研究确定了在口腔卫生应用中结合游戏化特征的游戏设计元素。最普遍的游戏化特征是“意识形态激励”(10/12,83%)和“目标”(9/16,56%),在特定于用户的类别和挑战类别中找到,分别。
结论:口腔保健中的游戏化显示出作为促进积极健康行为的创新方法的潜力。大多数研究报告了基于证据的口腔健康,并结合了口腔保健行为改变技术。
BACKGROUND: Oral health is a determinant of overall well-being and quality of life. Individual behaviors, such as oral hygiene and dietary habits, play a central role in oral health. Motivation is a crucial factor in promoting behavior change, and
gamification offers a means to boost health-related knowledge and encourage positive health behaviors.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the impact of gamification and its mechanisms on oral health care of children and adolescents.
METHODS: A systematic search covered multiple databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, and LILACS. Gray literature, conference proceedings, and WHOQOL internet resources were considered. Studies from January 2013 to December 2022 were included, except for PubMed/MEDLINE, which was searched until January 2023. A total of 15 studies were selected following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The eligibility criteria were peer-reviewed, full-text, and empirical research related to gamification in oral health care, reports of impact, and oral health care outcomes. The exclusion criteria encompassed duplicate articles; unavailable full texts; nonoriginal articles; and non-digital game-related, non-oral health-related, and protocol studies. Selected studies were scrutinized for
gamification mechanisms and outcomes. Two main questions were raised: \"Does
gamification in oral health care impact oral health?\" and \"Does oral health care
gamification enhance health promotion and literacy?\" The PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) framework guided the scoping
review.
RESULTS: Initially, 617 records were obtained from 5 databases and gray literature sources. After applying exclusion criteria, 15 records were selected. Sample size in the selected studies ranged from 34 to 190 children and adolescents. A substantial portion (11/15, 73%) of the studies discussed oral self-care apps supported by evidence-based oral health. The most clearly defined data in the apps were \"brushing time\" (11/11, 100%) and \"daily amount brushing\" (10/11, 91%). Most studies (11/15, 73%) mentioned oral health care behavior change techniques and included \"prompt intention formation\" (11/26, 42%), \"providing instructions\" (11/26, 42%), \"providing information on the behavior-health link\" (10/26, 38%), \"providing information on consequences\" (9/26, 35%), \"modeling or demonstrating behavior\" (9/26, 35%), \"providing feedback on performance\" (8/26, 31%), and \"providing contingent rewards\" (8/26, 31%). Furthermore, 80% (12/15) of the studies identified game design elements incorporating gamification features in oral hygiene applications. The most prevalent gamification features were \"ideological incentives\" (10/12, 83%) and \"goals\" (9/16, 56%), which were found in user-specific and challenge categories, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Gamification in oral health care shows potential as an innovative approach to promote positive health behaviors. Most studies reported evidence-based oral health and incorporated oral health care behavior change techniques.