生物硫醇,如半胱氨酸(Cys),同型半胱氨酸(Hcy),和谷胱甘肽(GSH),在基因表达中起着至关重要的作用,维持氧化还原稳态,减少自由基/毒素造成的损害,等。同样,生物硫醇水平异常会导致严重的疾病,如阿尔茨海默病(AD),神经毒性,头发脱色,肝脏/皮肤损伤,等。为了量化生物系统中的生物硫醇,大量的低毒性探针,如荧光量子点,发光有机探针,复合纳米材料,等。,已经报道了实时应用程序。在这些荧光探针中,由于易于合成的优点,碳点(CD)已成为生物硫醇定量的吸引力,纳米尺寸,晶体性质,低毒性,和实时适用性。基于CD的生物硫醇测定可以通过直接结合的荧光“打开”和“关闭”响应来实现,金属络合物介导的检测,复合材料增强相互作用,基于反应的报告,等等。迄今为止,关于最近趋势的信息,以荧光CD为基础的生物硫醇检测为重点的审查的可用性,机械方面,线性范围,LODs,缺乏真正的应用,这使我们能够进行全面审查。这篇评论提供了有关报道的基于碳点的生物硫醇测定的有价值的信息,潜在的机制,他们的应用,探头/CD选择,感官要求,优点,局限性,和未来的范围。
Biothiols, such as cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH), play a vital role in gene expression, maintaining redox homeostasis, reducing damages caused by free radicals/toxins, etc. Likewise, abnormal levels of biothiols can lead to severe diseases, such as Alzheimer\'s disease (AD), neurotoxicity, hair depigmentation, liver/skin damage, etc. To quantify the biothiols in a biological system, numerous low-toxic probes, such as fluorescent quantum dots, emissive organic probes, composited nanomaterials, etc., have been reported with real-time applications. Among these fluorescent probes, carbon-dots (CDs) have become attractive for biothiols quantification because of advantages of easy synthesis, nano-size, crystalline properties, low-toxicity, and real-time applicability. A CDs-based biothiols assay can be achieved by fluorescent \"Turn-On\" and \"Turn-Off\" responses via direct binding, metal complex-mediated detection, composite enhanced interaction, reaction-based reports, and so forth. To date, the availability of a
review focused on fluorescent CDs-based biothiols detection with information on recent trends, mechanistic aspects, linear ranges, LODs, and real applications is lacking, which allows us to deliver this comprehensive
review. This
review delivers valuable information on reported carbon-dots-based biothiols assays, the underlying mechanism, their applications, probe/CDs selection, sensory requirement, merits, limitations, and future scopes.