从人类的角度对景观的感知和评估进行建模是几个科学领域和应用的理想目标。人类的视觉是主导的感觉,人眼是感知周围环境刺激的传感器。因此,探索视觉景观的实验记录和测量可以揭示人类视觉感知反应的关键方面,同时观看自然或人造景观。景观评价(或评估)是另一个维度,主要指的是视觉景观的偏好,也涉及人类的认知,以通常不可预测的方式。然而,景观可以由两个以自我为中心的人接近(即,人类观点)和外在中心(即,鸟瞰)视角。这篇综述文章的总体方法在于系统地介绍了对人类感知和评估的两种“模态”进行建模和量化的不同方法,在两种几何视角下,提出了关于这两个“分歧”二元性的综合方法。为此,几个相关的传统/方法,基于传感器的实验方法和技术(例如,眼动追踪,功能磁共振成像,和EEG),并对指标进行了介绍和描述。本质上,这篇评论文章作为一个“指导地图”,用于描绘与景观体验和/或管理以及有效或潜在合适类型的刺激相关的不同活动,传感器技术,和每个活动的指标。在我们的工作中,确定了两个主要的研究方向:(1)一个试图将视觉景观体验/管理从一个角度转移到另一个角度(反之亦然);(2)另一个旨在预测不同景观的视觉感知,并在感知过程和景观偏好之间建立联系。看起来,该领域的研究正在迅速发展。在我们看来,它可以大大先进和丰富,使用一体化,为了更好地理解视觉景观的概念和机制,作为一组复杂的刺激,影响视觉感知,可能会导致更复杂的结果,例如对景观偏好的预期。作为一种效果,这样的方法可以支持严格的,以证据为基础,以及景观管理的社会公正框架,保护,和决策,基于广泛的适合和先进的基于传感器的技术。
Modeling the perception and evaluation of landscapes from the human perspective is a desirable goal for several scientific domains and applications. Human vision is the dominant sense, and human eyes are the sensors for apperceiving the environmental stimuli of our surroundings. Therefore, exploring the experimental recording and measurement of the visual landscape can reveal crucial aspects about human visual perception responses while viewing the natural or man-made landscapes. Landscape evaluation (or assessment) is another dimension that refers mainly to preferences of the visual landscape, involving human cognition as well, in ways that are often unpredictable. Yet, landscape can be approached by both egocentric (i.e., human view) and exocentric (i.e., bird\'s eye view) perspectives. The overarching approach of this
review article lies in systematically presenting the different ways for modeling and quantifying the two \'modalities\' of human perception and evaluation, under the two geometric perspectives, suggesting integrative approaches on these two \'diverging\' dualities. To this end, several pertinent traditions/approaches, sensor-based experimental methods and techniques (e.g., eye tracking, fMRI, and EEG), and metrics are adduced and described. Essentially, this
review article acts as a \'guide-map\' for the delineation of the different activities related to landscape experience and/or management and to the valid or potentially suitable types of stimuli, sensors techniques, and metrics for each activity. Throughout our work, two main research directions are identified: (1) one that attempts to transfer the visual landscape experience/management from the one perspective to the other (and vice versa); (2) another one that aims to anticipate the visual perception of different landscapes and establish connections between perceptual processes and landscape preferences. As it appears, the research in the field is rapidly growing. In our opinion, it can be greatly advanced and enriched using integrative, interdisciplinary approaches in order to better understand the concepts and the mechanisms by which the visual landscape, as a complex set of stimuli, influences visual perception, potentially leading to more elaborate outcomes such as the anticipation of landscape preferences. As an effect, such approaches can support a rigorous, evidence-based, and socially just framework towards landscape management, protection, and decision making, based on a wide spectrum of well-suited and advanced sensor-based technologies.