痴呆和眼部病理学的患病率随着年龄的增长而增加,并且许多受此类疾病影响的老年人正在被制度化。本系统评价的目的是描述向老年机构个人提供的眼部护理服务的水平,介绍了痴呆症患者视力障碍的患病率,并描述为患有痴呆症的视力受损居民提供的干预措施。
在四个相关数据库中进行了文献综述,仅限于以英语和法语出版的同行评审期刊,在1984年和2014年之间。该审查针对65岁或以上的个人,居住在长期护理设施/疗养院并受痴呆症影响。本次审查只保留了涉及三个目标中至少一个目标的相关文章。
文献检索确定了440篇由每位作者阅读的摘要。达成共识后,92篇文章被确定为潜在相关并阅读。最后,发现28个目标至少涉及三个目标之一,并保留供审查。结果表明,老年人的眼科护理服务是次优的,该人群中视力障碍的患病率仍然很高,以及诸如优化眼屈光等干预措施,进行白内障手术,提供低视力康复和适应环境可能对居民有利。
这项系统评价证明了为长期护理机构/疗养院居民提供定期眼部护理的好处,包括所有级别的痴呆症患者。此外,它记录了各种治疗方式的好处,如白内障手术,员工培训,环境适应和视觉康复,以提高居民生活质量的几个方面。这次审查,然而,强调了一个事实,即需要更多的研究来加强迄今为止报告的发现,而且重要的是,评估本文所述的各种治疗方式,用于痴呆症最晚期的居民。
The prevalence of dementia and ocular pathology increases with age and many older individuals affected by such diseases are being institutionalised. The objectives of this systematic
review are to describe the level of eye care services being offered to older institutionalised individuals, present the prevalence of visual impairment in those with dementia, and describe the interventions offered to visually impaired residents with dementia.
A literature review was performed in four relevant databases, limited to peer-reviewed journals published in English and French, between the years 1984 and 2014. The
review targeted individuals 65 years of age or older, residing in long-term care facilities/nursing homes and affected by dementia. Only relevant articles addressing at least one of the three objectives were retained for this
review.
The literature search identified 440 abstracts that were all read by each of the authors. After consensus, 92 articles were identified as potentially relevant and read. In the end, 28 were found to address at least one of the three objectives and were kept for the
review. The results indicated that eye care services for older institutionalised individuals are sub-optimal, that the prevalence of visual impairment remains high in that population, and that interventions such as optimising the ocular refraction, performing cataract surgery, providing low vision rehabilitation and adapting the environment can be beneficial to residents.
This systematic
review demonstrated the benefits of providing regular eye care to long-term care facility/nursing home residents, including those at all levels of dementia. Additionally, it documented the benefits of various treatment modalities such as cataract surgery, staff training, environmental adaptations and visual rehabilitation for improving several aspects of the residents\' quality of life. This review, however, has highlighted the fact that additional studies are required to strengthen the findings reported so far, and importantly, to evaluate the various treatment modalities described herein for residents in the most advanced stages of dementia.