Pediatric endodontics in the primary teeth is chemomechanical due to the difficulties encountered in cleaning and shaping the root canals having complex anatomical configurations. Not only are obturating materials having ideal properties to be used in the primary teeth, but also imparting an impervious hermetic seal to prevent the nidus of reinfection is highly pivotal for the success of pulpectomy. However, certain obturating materials contain one or the other components that are irritant to the periapical region and aggravates the inflammatory process. Hence, a paradigm shift has been witnessed with the evolution of herbal medicines having innumerable beneficial properties with a broad-spectrum action to replace those components causing irritation and inflammatory reactions in conventional obturating materials. One such herbal medicament is \"curcumin\" popularly known as the \"golden herb,\" which has a wide repertoire of medicinal properties due to its bioactive component and volatile oil \"turmerone.\" Endoflas is one of the suitable obturating agents used in the primary teeth for its high success rate, but the use of eugenol in it is associated with irritation of the periapical region and causes necrosis of bone and cementum. Hence, the present case report aims to assess the rate of resorption, resorption potential, and the periapical healing of a novel obturating material Endoflas powder with curcumin gel (EPCG) replacing the liquid eugenol against conventional Endoflas material for pulpectomy in primary mandibular molars.

Chemical grouping and read-across are frequently used non-animal alternatives for filling toxicological data gaps. When grouping chemicals, it is critical to define the applicability domain because minor differences in chemical structure can lead to significant differences in toxicity. Here, we present a case study on isoeugenol and methyl eugenol, which are scheduled for review by IARC in June 2023, to illustrate that structural similarity alone may not be sufficient to group chemicals for hazard classification. Isoeugenol and methyl eugenol are plant-derived phenylpropenes that share similar physicochemical properties. The major metabolic pathway for isoeugenol includes conjugation of the phenolic hydroxyl group with sulfate and glucuronic acid as an efficient detoxification process, whereas the major metabolic pathway for methyl eugenol involves benzylic hydroxylation and formation of the 1\'-sulfoxymethyleugenol which leads to carbocation formation. The carbocation can form DNA adducts and induce genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Consistently, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity alerts are identified from in silico prediction tools for methyl eugenol but not isoeugenol. Moreover, the available toxicogenomic, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity studies confirm that these chemicals have significantly different bioactivities. Data on other structurally similar chemicals further supports our conclusion that it is not appropriate to group these two chemicals for cancer hazard classification.

Diverticulitis and hemorrhoidal proctitis in the population are significant public health problems. We studied the potential association between the intake of certain plant foods and diverticulitis or hemorrhoidal episodes through a case-control study including 410 cases and 401 controls. We used a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The intake was additionally quantified according to a 24 h recall. The plant foods or derived food products were categorized by their main chemical components into ethanol, caffeine/theine/theobromine, capsaicin, alliin, acids, eugenol, and miscellaneous foods such as curcumin. The mean score for overall intake of plant foods under consideration was 6.3 points, and this was significantly higher in cases (8.5) than in controls (4.1). Overall intake was similar in cases presenting with diverticulitis or hemorrhoidal proctitis. Cases had 13 times the odds of being in the upper quartile for overall intake (>7 points), compared to controls. Explanatory logistic regression models showed that the strongest association with diverticulitis and hemorrhoidal proctitis was shown by the chemical food group of capsaicin, followed by ethanol, eugenol, caffeine/theine/theobromine, and acids. Neither alliin nor miscellaneous food groups showed any association. High, frequent consumption of capsaicin, followed by ethanol, eugenol, caffeine/theine/theobromine, and acids increase the risk of diverticulitis and hemorrhoidal proctitis.

This study arises from both the today\'s trend towards exploiting plant resources exhaustively, and the wide quantitative discrepancy between the amounts of commercially-valuable markers in aromatic plants and those recovered from the related essential oil. The study addresses the determination of both the qualitative composition and the exhaustive distribution of free and glucosidically-bound L-menthol in peppermint aerial parts (Mentha x piperita L., Lamiaceae) and of eugenol in dried cloves (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry, Myrtaceae), two plants known to provide widely ranging essential oil yields. The two markers were investigated in essential oils and residual hydrodistillation waters, before and after enzymatic hydrolysis. Their amounts were related to those in the headspace taken as reference. The results showed that the difference between marker compound in headspace and in essential oil amounted to 22.8% for L-menthol in peppermint, and 16.5% for eugenol in cloves. The aglycones solubilised in the residual hydrodistillation waters were 7.2% of the headspace reference amount for L-menthol, and 13.3% for eugenol, respectively representing 9.3% and 15.9% of their amounts in the essential oil. The amount of L-menthol from its glucoside in residual hydrodistillation waters was 20.6% of that in the related essential oil, while eugenol from its glucoside accounted for 7.7% of the amount in clove essential oil. The yield of L-menthol, after submitting the plant material to enzymatic hydrolysis before hydrodistillation, increased by 23.1%, and for eugenol the increase was 8.1%, compared to the amount in the respective conventional essential oils. This study also aimed to evaluate the reliability of recently-introduced techniques that are little applied, if at all, in this field. The simultaneous use of high-concentration-capacity sample preparation techniques (SBSE, and HS-SPME and in-solution SPME) to run quali-quantitative analysis without sample manipulation, and direct LC-MS glucoside analysis, provided cross-validation of the results.

There are few published reports that discuss oral burns in children. Electrical, chemical, and thermal agents are the main causative agents of these burns. Some chemicals can cause burning in the mucosa of cheeks, lips, tongue, and palate. Because of the clinical state of acute pain associated with lack of or inadequate care to relieve the symptoms, some patients use self-medication. The purpose of this work is to report the case of oral chemical burns caused by topical self-medication for tooth pain relief, and also to discuss the clinical presentation and the treatment performed.

This study aimed to evaluate the perspective changes of several physiological performances of rice seeds cv. KDML 105 which were coated with various seed coating substances [chemical fungicide, captan (CA) and biological coating polymers; chitosan-lignosulphonate polymer (CL) and eugenol incorporated into chitosan-lignosulphonate polymer (E + CL)] during storage (12 months). CA significantly increased seed moisture content and seed water activity through out the storage period. The qualities and viability of the seeds were seriously declined by this treatment. Moreover, CA inhibited the shoot and root development, seedling dry weight accumulation, delayed the seed germination and seedling growth rate. CA treated seeds were susceptible to stress conditions that declined the seed germination potential under cold, high moisture and temperature stress conditions. Nevertheless, CL and E + CL coating polymer could maintain seed storability, which significantly improved seed germination and seedling performances. These improvements were attributed to maintain the nutritive reserve and dehydrogenase activity in seeds. Moreover, the biological seed treatment stimulated the embryo growth and so speeding up the seedling emergence when compared untreated seeds.

Case of cutaneous necrosis in African Clawed frogs Xenopus laevis after the topical application of eugenol. African Clawed frogs showed necrotic cutaneous lesions after a topical application of high concentrations of eugenol, an analgesic and anesthetic agent. Microscopically, ulceration of the epidermis, a loss of mucous and serous glands as well as an infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed.

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A case is presented in which an overfilling of obturation paste (N-2) extended through the lingual alveolar plate of bone as far as the insertion of the mylohyoid muscle. Pain was associated with the omolateral lingual soft tissues and the cervical region. A lingual flap retraction allowed removal of the paste, and the pain subsequently disappeared.

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