背景:治疗进展改善了囊性纤维化(CF)患者的预期寿命和营养状况。除了减少营养不良,超重的发生率,近年来,肥胖和饮食相关慢性疾病的危险因素有所增加.本研究旨在综合有关饮食质量的现有文献,与CF成人的推荐指南相比,大量营养素和微量营养素的摄入量,推断成人CF的最佳饮食模式和摄入量的重要步骤。
方法:使用与CF相关的关键字对从成立到2023年4月的五个电子数据库进行了系统搜索,饮食质量和营养摄入量。
结果:包括21项研究,包括18项横断面研究,一项队列研究和两项病例对照研究,报告来自724名CF成年人的数据。在17个队列中报告了能量和/或大量营养素的摄入量数据,八项研究提供了微量营养素数据,通过使用饮食质量评分确定四个CF队列的饮食质量,和/或将食物摄入量分类为食物组每天的份量,并将研究结果与国家饮食指南进行比较。尽管满足了能量摄入建议,大多数微量营养素的需求是通过补充来实现的,从脂肪中摄入的总能量高于建议,饮食质量差。
结论:这是第一个全面评估成人CF饮食摄入的系统综述。能量密集,营养不良的食物会导致摄入,从而导致与饮食相关的慢性疾病的发展。有必要修订CF营养治疗的饮食指南和实践变化,以优化营养和健康结果。
BACKGROUND: Treatment advancements have improved life expectancy and nutritional status of people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Alongside reductions in malnutrition, incidences of overweight, obesity and risk factors for diet-related chronic diseases have increased in recent years. This study aimed to synthesise the available literature on diet quality, macronutrient and micronutrient intakes compared to the recommended
guidelines in adults with CF, an essential step in deducing the optimal dietary pattern and intakes for CF adults.
METHODS: A systematic search of five electronic databases from inception until April 2023 was conducted using keywords related to CF, diet quality and nutrient intakes.
RESULTS: Twenty-one studies were included comprising 18 cross-sectional, one cohort and two case control studies, reporting data from 724 adults with CF. Energy and / or macronutrient intake data was reported across 17 cohorts, eight studies provided micronutrients data, and diet quality was determined for four CF cohorts by using a diet quality score, and / or categorising food intake into servings per day for food groups and comparing findings to national dietary
guidelines. Although energy intake recommendations were met, and most micronutrient requirements were achieved through supplementation, total energy intake from fat was above recommendations and diet quality was poor.
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first systematic review comprehensively evaluating literature on dietary intakes of adults with CF. Energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods contribute to intakes which pose risk in developing diet-related chronic diseases. Revision of dietary
guidelines and practice change in CF nutritional therapy is warranted to optimise nutrition and health outcomes.