BACKGROUND: Taking an ear impression is a minimally invasive procedure. A review of existing literature suggests that contactless methods of scanning the ear have not been developed. We proposed to establish a correlation between external ear features with the ear canal and with this proof of concept to develop a prototype and an algorithm for capturing and predicting ear canal information.
METHODS: We developed a novel prototype using structured light imaging to capture external images of the ear. Using a large database of existing ear impression images obtained by traditional methods, correlation analyses were carried out and established. A deep neural network was devised to build a predictive algorithm. Patients undergoing hearing aid evaluation undertook both methods of ear impression-taking. We evaluated their subjective feedback and determined if there was a close enough objective match between the images obtained from the impression techniques.
RESULTS: A prototype was developed and deployed for trial, and most participants were comfortable with this novel method of ear impression-taking. Partial matching of the ear canal could be obtained from the images taken, and the predictive algorithm applied for a few sample images was within good standard of error with proof of concept established.
CONCLUSIONS: Further studies are warranted to strengthen the predictive capabilities of the algorithm and determine optimal prototype imaging positions so that sufficient ear canal information can be obtained for three-dimensional printing. Ear impression-taking may then have the potential to be automated, with the possibility of same-day three-dimensional printing of the earmold to provide timely access.

UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to explore the potential for bimodal auditory and noninvasive electrical stimulation at the ears to alleviate tonal, somatic tinnitus that was investigated in a small preliminary trial (11 participants).
UNASSIGNED: Auditory stimulation took the form of short \"notched noise\" bursts customized to each participant\'s tinnitus percept. Simultaneous pulsed electrical stimulation, intended to facilitate neuroplasticity, was delivered via hydrogel electrodes placed in opposite ears.
UNASSIGNED: After a 6-week intervention period, average Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) and Tinnitus Primary Function Questionnaire (TPFQ) scores were consistent with clinically meaningful improvements in the study population. Magnitudes and effect sizes of improvements in TFI and TPFQ are comparable to those reported in other recent bimodal therapy studies using different auditory and electrical stimulation parameters.
UNASSIGNED: Our results should be considered preliminary given the small sample size, lack of crossover data, and small subject pool. When considered alongside other recent bimodal therapy results, we do believe that there are therapeutic benefits of bimodal stimulation for tinnitus sufferers that have the potential to help some with tinnitus, with a variety of stimulation parameters and electrode placements.
UNASSIGNED: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25444546.

OBJECTIVE: The internal acoustic meatus is an osseous canal that connects the inner ear to the posterior cranial fossa. It is located in the petrous portion of the temporal bone. A thin cribriform osseous plate known as the fundus is situated at the lateral end of the canal. This study assesses the structural and numerical variations of the fundus formations.
METHODS: Fifty-four temporal bones of unknown gender and age were examined with the surgical microscope.
RESULTS: The temporal bones analyzed were 46.2% right-sided and 53.7% left-sided. Only one temporal bone had two parallel transverse crests, while three had a single anterior crest that split into two branches posteriorly. The number of foramina at the transverse crest varied, with 29.6% having none, 48.1% having a single foramen, and 22.2% having several foramina. An anterior crest structure was seen in 53.7% of the temporal bones, with 5% having a slightly constricted entry to the facial canal. In cases with a single nerve foramen, 48.1% had one, while 51.8% had more than one, including examples with three or four foramina. A crest was found between the foramina of the single nerve in 7% of patients. Furthermore, a crest between the saccular nerve foramen and the high fiber foramina was seen in 25.9% of cases, and 5% had two saccular nerve foramina.
CONCLUSIONS: We think that revealing the anatomical, structural and numerical variations in the fundus will be useful in explaining the disease-symptom relationship.
METHODS: Level 4.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse prognostic factors and survival outcomes of malignant tumors of the external auditory canal, to investigate the role of regional surgery, and adjuvant radiotherapy in early stages and to investigate the role of surgery in operable T4 stage.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on all patients prospectively included in the national database of the French Expertize Network for Rare ENT Cancers (REFCOR) from January 2000 to December 2016.
METHODS: 103 patients from 19 reference centers were included. A propensity score matching analysis was applied to enable comparisons between treatments.
METHODS: Event-free survival, overall survival and factors of poor prognosis of the cohort were described. The interest of local and regional surgery and postoperative radiotherapy were evaluated.
RESULTS: The factors of poor prognosis on event-free survival were immunosuppression (p = 0.002), Karnofsky status less than 90% (p = 0.02), body mass index less than 19 Kg / m2 (p = 0.0009), peripheric facial palsy (p = 0.0016), and positive margin (p = 0.0006). In early stages, locoregional surgery was associated with an increase in event-free survival (p = 0.003, HR = 0.21) versus local surgery alone, while postoperative radiotherapy was not associated with an increase in event-free survival (p = 0.86, HR = 0.91) or overall (p = 0.86, HR = 0.91). In locally advanced stages, locoregional surgery followed by radiotherapy was associated with an increase in event-free survival (p = 0.03, HR = 0.39) and overall (p = 0.02, HR = 0.34) versus chemoradiotherapy alone.
CONCLUSIONS: Regional surgery is recommended for early stages of cancers of the external auditory canal. In operable cases, locoregional surgery followed by radiotherapy is recommended.

UNASSIGNED: There is no report about the definition, classification and clinical epidemiological study of congenital ear malformation (CEM).Aims/Objectives: To investigate the definition, clinical classification and distribution of a large number of CEM cases, along with the clinical and epidemiological characteristics associated with congenital malformation of the middle and outer ear (CMMOE).
UNASSIGNED: A total of 3231 cases (4714 ears) with CEM and related malformations were retrospectively analyzed, including 2,658 cases (4,064 ears) CEM and 573 cases (650 ears) preauricular fistulas and accessory ears, specifically related malformations to CEM.
UNASSIGNED: Among the 2,658 cases (4,064 ears) CEM, 64.9% cases were male and 35.1% were female. 52.9% cases with bilateral, 29.1% with right and 18.0% with left CEM. A subgroup of 1,050 cases (1,331 ears) was identified as CMMOE out of 1,090 cases (1,379 ears) microtia. In the CMMOE subgroup, 74.0% cases were male, 46.3% on the right side, 26.8% showed bilateral involvement. Out of the CMMOE with available images, there were 947 cases (1,105 ears). Additionally, related malformations including preauricular fistulas and accessory ears, were solely occured in 573 cases (650 ears), except for their occurrence simultaneously with CEM. The classification and distribution of CEM are as follows:1. 2658 cases of CEM (1) 69.9% of them were confined to the ear, including: ① the outer ear 2.6%, the middle ear 17.0% and the inner ear 32.4%, ② two parts simultaneous malformations of the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear 17.2%, ③ three parts simultaneous malformations of the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear 0.6%, (2) Multiple malformations including in CEM 29.1%; (3) syndromes related to CEM 1.0%.2. 1050 cases of CMMOE (1) 36.3% of them were confined to the middle and outer ears; (2) Multiple malformations associated with CMMOE 61.4%, including hemifacial microsomia 50.5%, accessory ears 9.8%, preauricular fistulas 9.2%, heart malformation 7.1%, and kidney malformation 2.0%; and (3) syndromes related to CMMOE 2.3%, (4) Complications of the ear 16.9%, mainly including otitis media 7.9%, outer ear canal cholesteatoma 6.3%, retroauricular abscess 1.1%, and nasal and pharyngeal complications 18.6%. The proportions of microcia grades I-Ⅴ based on the images of 1105 ears CMMOE were 5.2%, 10.5%, 74.1%, 6.9%, and 3.3%, respectively. Among the 1331 ears CMMOE, the incidence rates of outer ear canal atresia, stenosis, normal, and ossicles malformation were 86.5%, 9.9%, 3.6%, and 98.3%, respectively.Conclusion and Significance: Approximately 69.9% of CEM cases were confined to the ear itself, with the highest proportion being inner ear malformation alone. Multiple malformations were predominantly associated with CMMOE. Syndromes related to CEM were relatively rare. Among cases of microtia, 96.3% were classified as CMMOE. These cases were predominantly observed in males, right ear and exhibited characteristics such as grade III microtia, atresia of the outer ear canal, ossicles malformation, and multiple malformations. The multiple malformations frequently included hemifacial microsomia, accessory ear, preauricular fistula, as well as heart and kidney deformities. CMMOE often coexisted with ear infections, cholesteatoma, and complications in the nasal and pharyngeal regions.

Although ear canal electroencephalogram (EEG) recording has received interest from basic and applied research communities, evidence on how it can be implemented in practice is limited. The present study involving eight male participants including the authors presents the utility of our ear canal electrode and method by demonstrating both comparability of ear canal EEG to those at nearby sites and distinctiveness that ear canal event-related potentials (ERPs) could have. For this purpose, we used the balanced noncephalic electrode reference and an experimental paradigm with an error-feedback sound. Clear auditory ERPs were detected at the ear canal sites with a sufficiently low noise level comparable with those at conventional sites. The N1c, a temporal maximum subcomponent, spread over the bilateral temporal sites, including the ear canals and earlobes. While consecutive signals are generally highly similar between the ear canal and the earlobe, the N1c was larger at the ear canal than the earlobe, as demonstrated by the conventional frequentist and the hierarchical Bayesian modelling approaches. Although an evident caveat is that our sample was limited in terms of size and sex, the general capability indicates that the structure of our ear canal electrode provides EEG measurement that can be used in basic and applied settings. Our experimental method can also be an ERP-based test that conveniently assesses the capability of existing and future ear canal electrodes. The distinctive nature of the ERPs to the error-feedback sound may be utilized to examine the basic aspects of auditory ERPs and to test the processes involved in feedback-guided behaviour of participants.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal (EACSCC) is a rare condition. However, a standard treatment has not yet been established. We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy, adverse events, and feasibility of TPF-CCRT (concomitant chemoradiotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil) in patients with advanced EACSCC.
Thirty-five consecutive patients with advanced EACSCC (T3, T4) initially treated with TPF-CCRT at Kobe University Hospital were included. T4 diseases with invasion of the brain, internal carotid artery, or internal jugular vein were classified as T4b, and those without these features were classified as T4a.
Five-year overall survival rates for T3 and T4 were 100% and 64.2%, respectively. A significant difference was observed between T4a and T4b (82.4% vs. 30%, p = 0.007). Five-year progression-free survival rates of T3, T4a, and T4b were 100%, 68%, and 20% (p = 0.022), respectively.
TPF-CCRT should be considered as a plausible treatment option for advanced EACSCC.

Objective: This study was to investigate the main characteristics and related factors of wideband absorbance (WBA) in children with normal hearing and to obtain age-specific reference range of WBA. Methods: 384 children between 0-12 years old (615 ears) who visited the Beijing Children\'s Hospital, Capital Medical University from October 2019 to February 2021 were enrolled, including 230 males (376 ears) and 154 females (239 ears), with totally 306 left ears and 309 right ears. Wideband tympanometry (WBT) was performed and normative WBA data were analyzed by SPSS 24.0 statistical software. Repeated measures and multivariate analysis of variance were applied to the data from 16 points at 1/3-octave frequencies (226, 324, 408, 500, 667, 841, 1 000, 1 297, 1 682, 2 000, 2 670, 3 364, 4 000, 5 339, 6 727 and 8 000 Hz) to evaluate the effects of frequency, age, external auditory canal pressures, gender and ear on WBA. Results: According to the WBT frequency-absorbance curve, the subjects were divided into seven groups: 1-month old group, 2-month old group, 3-month old group, 4-5 month old group, 6-24 month old group,>2-6 year old group and>6-12 year old group. The WBA of normal-hearing children underwent a series of developmental changes with age at both ambient pressure and tympanometric peak pressures. WBA results for 1-month group and 2-month old group exhibited a multipeaked pattern, with the peaks occurring around 2 000 and 4 897 Hz, and a notch around 3 886 Hz. WBA results for 3-month group and 4-5 month old group exhibited a single broad-peaked pattern, with the peak occurring between 2 000-4 757 Hz. The WBA of 1-month old group to 4-5 month old group decreased gradually at low frequency (226-408 Hz) and 6 727 Hz, and increased at middle to high frequency (2 670-4 000 Hz). The WBA of 6-24 month old group were significantly lower than that of 2-month old group to 4-5 month old group at all frequencies except 3 364 and 4 000 Hz. WBA results for 6-24 month old group,>2-6 year old group and>6-12 year old group exhibited a single-peaked pattern, and the peak frequency of WBA moved to the lower frequency successively. From 6-24 month old group to>6-12 year old group, the WBA gradually increased at low to middle frequencies (667-2 670 Hz) and 8 000 Hz, and decreased at middle to high frequencies (3 364-5 339 Hz). Among the 16 frequencies of all age groups, the difference between WBA under ambient pressure and tympanometric peak pressure were -0.09-0.06, and 43.75%-81.25% frequency points had statistically significant difference, which was mainly manifested in that WBA under ambient pressure were lower than that under tympanometric peak pressure at 226-1 682 Hz. There was no significant ear effect on all of the age groups. Similarly, there was no significant gender effect except for 3-month old group and 4-5 month old group. Conclusions: The WBA of normal-hearing children measured at ambient pressure and tympanometric peak pressure varied across the frequencies with age from 1 month to 12 years old, and different frequencies followed different change patterns (increase vs. decrease) in WBA. There was also significant external auditory canal pressures effect on all of the age groups. The establishment of age-specific reference range of WBA for 0-12 years old normal-hearing children in this study would be useful for clinical practice of determining normative data regarding WBT.
目的： 分析0~12岁听力正常儿童宽频鼓室图能量吸收率（wideband absorbance，WBA）随年龄变化的特征及影响因素，获得与年龄相适应的参考值，为宽频鼓室图（wideband tympanometry，WBT）的临床应用提供参考。 方法： 对首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院2019年10月至2021年2月0~12岁听力正常儿童384例（615耳）进行环境压力和峰压下WBT测试，其中男230例（376耳）、女154例（239耳），左耳306例、右耳309例。应用SPSS 24.0软件对226~8 000 Hz区间1/3倍频程的16个频率点（226、324、408、500、667、841、1 000、1 297、1 682、2 000、2 670、3 364、4 000、5 339、6 727、8 000 Hz）的WBA值进行统计分析，以频率和测试压力（环境压力和峰压）为组内因素，年龄、性别、侧别为组间因素进行重复测量资料的方差分析和多元方差分析，探讨其对WBA的影响。 结果： 绘制各年龄段儿童的WBT频率-吸收率曲线，将走势相近的曲线进行整合，最终分为7个年龄组：1月龄组、2月龄组、3月龄组、4~5月龄组、6~24月龄组、>2~6岁组与>6~12岁组。频率、年龄、测试压力对WBA有显著影响：（1）1月龄组与2月龄组的频率-吸收率曲线呈双峰型，峰值分别在2 000和4 897 Hz附近，在3 886 Hz处有一个切迹，3月龄组与4~5月龄组为宽峰型，峰值在2 000~4 757 Hz之间；1月龄组至4~5月龄组的WBA在低频（226~408 Hz）及6 727 Hz逐渐降低，中高频（2 670~4 000 Hz）升高；6~24月龄组的WBA在除3 364和4 000 Hz外的频率范围较2月龄组至4~5月龄组显著降低；6~24月龄组、>2~6岁组与>6~12岁组的频率-吸收率曲线呈单峰型，其WBA峰值频率依次向较低频率移动，6~24月龄组至>6~12岁组的WBA在低中频（667~2 670 Hz）及8 000 Hz逐渐升高，中高频（3 364~5 339 Hz）逐渐降低。（2）各年龄组16个频率中，环境压力下和峰压下的WBA差值在-0.09~0.06之间，43.75%~81.25%的频率处差异具有统计学意义（P值均<0.05），主要表现在226~1 682 Hz环境压力下的WBA低于峰压下。除3月龄组和4~5月龄组外，性别对WBA的影响不显著；左右侧别对各年龄组WBA的影响均不显著。 结论： 不同频率处WBA随年龄增长遵循不同的变化模式，测试压力对WBA有显著影响，本研究建立了环境压力和峰压下0~12岁听力正常儿童WBA参考范围，可为WBT临床规范性数据的设定提供参考。.

This article is a preliminary study to compare the ability of 0.05% chlorhexidine diacetate (CD) and 1% povidone-iodine (PI) solutions to reduce bacterial contamination on the canine external ear canal during initial patient preparation and comparison of the incidence of immediate tissue reactions.
The study is a multi-institutional, randomised, clinical prospective study.
Dogs (n = 19) undergoing total ear canal ablation with bulla osteotomy (TECABO).
The external ear of each dog was cleaned with the assigned antiseptic solution. Culture of the ear was performed by standard techniques to semi-quantitatively evaluate bacterial growth and to identify bacterial organisms pre- and post-antiseptic use.
Both antiseptic groups showed a significant reduction in bacterial growth score (BGS) between pre- and post-antiseptic use (CD p = 0.009, PI p = 0.005). There was no difference in the reduction of BGS between CD and PI solutions (p = 0.53). Minor adverse skin reactions occurred in 25% of cases. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of adverse skin reactions between antiseptics (p = 0.63).
CD and PI were similarly able to decrease the number of bacteria on the external ear following initial preparation. No difference in the incidence of adverse tissue reactions was found.
Properly diluted aqueous formulations of either antiseptic may be used for safe preparation limited to the external ear canal of dogs. Additional studies evaluating outcomes such as duration of bacterial inhibition and incidence of surgical site infections are needed to fully elucidate differences between CD and PI antiseptics prior to TECABO.

BACKGROUND: Host defence peptides (HDPs) are involved in cutaneous immune defence. The secretion of HDPs in the ears of healthy normal and noninfected atopic dogs has not been measured.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to quantify the concentrations of β-defensins (cBD3)-like and cathelicidin (cCath) HDPs in ears of healthy and atopic dogs without infectious otitis, additionally to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of the HDPs obtained.
METHODS: Ten healthy and 20 atopic dogs with mild inflammatory, noninfectious otitis were included.
METHODS: Absence of infection was determined by cytological evaluation, and the severity of clinical signs, if present, was assessed by a previously validated score (Otitis Externa Scoring System for Clinical Study, OTIS-3). The left ear canal of each dog was rinsed with 2 mL of sodium phosphate buffer. The solution obtained was analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify HDPs. Additionally, aural secretions were incubated with two concentrations (5 × 105 and 5 × 104 colony-forming units/mL) of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and the bacterial density measured after 24 h of incubation. Data were statistically analysed. Significance was set as p ≤ 0.05.
RESULTS: There was a significantly lower concentration of HDPs from atopic ears when compared with those from normal healthy dogs (cBD3-like: p = 0.0007; cCath: p = 0.049). There was minimal to variable antimicrobial activity in the aural secretions of both groups.
CONCLUSIONS: This study showed, for the first time, that the ear canals of atopic dogs with mild noninfectious otitis contain a lower concentration of cBD3-like and cCath HDPs than those of healthy dogs with normal ears. A consistent antimicrobial activity was not present in the aural secretions from either group.
BACKGROUND: Les peptides de défense de l\'hôte (HDPs) sont impliqués dans les défenses immunitaires cutanées. La sécrétion d’HDPs dans les oreilles de chiens sains normaux et atopiques non infectés n\'a pas encore été évaluée. HYPOTHÈSES/OBJECTIFS: Quantifier les concentrations de HDPs de type β-défensine (cBD3) et cathélicidine (cCath) dans les sécrétions auriculaires de chiens sains et atopiques sans otite infectieuse. Et, évaluer l\'effet antimicrobien des HDPs obtenus.
UNASSIGNED: 10 chiens sains et 20 chiens atopiques présentant une otite inflammatoire légère et non infectieuse ont été inclus. MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODES: L\'absence d\'infection est déterminée par un examen cytologique et, la sévérité des signes cliniques, s\'ils sont présents, est évaluée par un score préalablement validé (Otitis Externa Scoring System for Clinical Study, OTIS-3). Le conduit auditif gauche de chaque chien est rincé avec 2 ml de tampon phosphate de sodium. La solution obtenue a été analysée par dosage immuno-enzymatique pour quantifier les HDPs. De plus, les sécrétions auriculaires ont été incubées avec deux concentrations (5 × 105 et 5 × 104 unités formant colonies/mL) de Staphylococcus pseudintermedius et la densité bactérienne mesurée après 24 h d\'incubation. Les données ont été analysées statistiquement. Une p-value (p) ≤ 0,05 est considérée comme significative. RÉSULTATS: Une concentration significativement plus faible d’HDPs dans les sécrétions auriculaires des chiens atopiques par rapport à celle des chiens normaux en bonne santé (cBD3-like : p = 0,0007 ; cCath : p = 0,049) est observée. On constate une activité antimicrobienne minime à variable dans les sécrétions auriculaires des deux groupes.
UNASSIGNED: Cette étude montre, pour la première fois, que les sécrétions auriculaires de chiens atopiques atteints d\'otites légères non infectieuses ont une concentration plus faible en HDPs cBD3-like et cCath que celles de chiens sains aux oreilles normales. L’activité antimicrobienne n’est pas considérable dans les sécrétions auriculaires de chacun des groupes.
INTRODUCCIÓN: Los péptidos de defensa del huésped (HDPs) están involucrados en la defensa inmune cutánea. No se ha medido la secreción de HDPs en los oídos de perros sanos normales y atópicos no infectados. HIPÓTESIS/OBJETIVOS: Cuantificar las concentraciones de HDP tipo β-defensina (cBD3) y catelicidina (cCath) en secreciones aurales de oídos de perros sanos y atópicos sin otitis infecciosa. Adicionalmente otro objetivo fue evaluar el efecto antimicrobiano de los HDP obtenidos. ANIMALES: Se incluyeron diez perros sanos y 20 atópicos con otitis inflamatoria leve no infecciosa. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: La ausencia de infección se determinó mediante evaluación citológica y la severidad de los signos clínicos, si los había, se evaluó mediante una valoración previamente validada (Otitis Externa Scoring System for Clinical Study, OTIS-3). El canal auditivo izquierdo de cada perro se enjuagó con 2 ml de tampón de fosfato de sodio. La solución obtenida se analizó mediante ensayo inmunoabsorbente ligado a enzimas para cuantificar las HDP. Además, las secreciones auditivas se incubaron con dos concentraciones (5 × 105 y 5 × 104 unidades formadoras de colonias/mL) de Staphylococcus pseudintermedius y se midió la densidad bacteriana después de 24 h de incubación. Los datos se analizaron estadísticamente. La significancia estadística se fijó como p ≤ 0,05. RESULTADOS: Hubo una concentración significativamente más baja de HDPs en las secreciones auditivas de los oídos atópicos en comparación con las de perros sanos normales (tipo cBD3: p = 0,0007; cCath: p = 0,049). Hubo actividad antimicrobiana mínima a variable en las secreciones auditivas de ambos grupos. CONCLUSIONES Y RELEVANCIA CLÍNICA: Este estudio mostró, por primera vez, que las secreciones aurales de perros atópicos con otitis leve no infecciosa tenían una concentración más baja de cBD3-like y cCath HDPs que las de perros sanos con oídos normales. Una actividad antimicrobiana constante no estuvo presente en las secreciones auditivas de ninguno de los grupos.
UNASSIGNED: Wirts-spezifische Abwehrpeptide (HDPs) sind in der kutanen Immunabwehr involviert. Die Sekretion der HDPs in den Ohren gesunder normaler und nicht-infizierter atopischer Hunde wurde bisher nicht gemessen.
UNASSIGNED: Eine Quantifizierung der Konzentrationen von β-Defensinen (cBD3) -ähnlichen und Cathelicidin (cCath) HDPs in Ohrsekreten von Ohren gesunder und atopischer Hunde ohne infektiöser Otitis. Zusätzlich sollten die antimikrobiellen Wirkungen der gefundenen HDPs evaluiert werden.
UNASSIGNED: Zehn gesunde und 20 atopische Hunde mit milder entzündlicher, nichtinfektiöser Otitis wurden in die Studie aufgenommen.
UNASSIGNED: Die Abwesenheit einer Infektion wurde mittels zytologischer Evaluierung bestimmt und die Schwere der klinischen Zeichen, falls vorhanden, wurde mit einem zuvor validierten Bewertungssystem (Otitis Externa Scoring System for Clinical Study, OTIS-3) erfasst. Der linke Ohrkanal eines jeden Hundes wurde mit 2 mL eines Natriumphosphatpuffers gespült. Die dabei gewonnene Spüllösung wurde mittels Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay analysiert, um die HDPs zu quantifizieren. Zusätzlich wurden Ohrsekrete mit zwei Konzentrationen (5 x 105 und 5 x 104 Kolonie-bildenden Einheiten/mL) von Staphylococcus pseudintermedius inkubiert und die bakterielle Dichte nach 24-stündiger Inkubation gemessen. Die Daten wurden statistisch analysiert. Die Signifikanz wurde bei p ≤ 0,05 festgesetzt.
UNASSIGNED: Es bestand eine signifikant niedrigere Konzentration der HDPs in Ohrsekreten von atopischen Ohren im Vergleich zu jenen von gesunden Ohren (cBD3-ähnlich: p = 0,0007; cCath: p = 0,049). Es bestand eine minimale bis variable antimikrobielle Aktivität in den Ohrsekreten beider Gruppen.
UNASSIGNED: Diese Studie zeigte zum ersten Mal, dass die Ohrsekrete von atopischen Hunden mit milder nichtinfektiöser Otitis eine niedrigere Konzentration von cBD-3-ähnlichen und cCATH HDPs hatten als jene von gesunden Hunden mit normalen Ohren. Eine konsistente antimikrobielle Aktivität konnte in den Ohrsekreten keiner der beiden Gruppen gefunden werden.
背景: 宿主防御ペプチド(HDP)は、皮膚の免疫防御に関与している。健常犬の正常な耳や非感染性アトピー犬の耳におけるHDPの分泌量は、これまで測定されていない。 仮説/目的: 本研究の目的は、感染性耳炎のない健常犬およびアトピー犬の耳からの分泌物中のβ-ディフェンシン(cBD3)様HDPおよびカテリシジン(cCath)HDPの濃度を定量化することであった。 さらに、得られたHDPの抗菌効果を評価することであった。 対象動物: 健常犬10頭、軽度の炎症性非感染性耳炎を持つアトピー犬20頭を対象とした。 材料と方法: 感染の有無は細胞学的評価で判断し、臨床症状がある場合は、以前に検証されたスコア(Otitis Externa Scoring System for Clinical Study, OTIS-3)でその重症度を評価した。各犬の左外耳道を2mLのリン酸ナトリウム緩衝液で洗浄した。得られた溶液を酵素結合免疫吸着法で解析し、HDPを定量化した。さらに、耳道分泌液を2つの濃度(5×105および5×104コロニー形成単位/mL)のStaphylococcus pseudintermediusと培養し、24時間培養後に細菌密度を測定した。データは統計的に解析した。有意性はp≦0.05とした。 結果: アトピー犬の耳分泌物には、健常犬の分泌物と比較して、HDPの濃度が有意に低かった(cBD3様:p = 0.0007; cCath:p = 0.049)。また、両群の耳介分泌物には、最小限の抗菌活性から可変の抗菌活性が認められた。 結論と臨床的意義: 本研究により、軽度の非感染性耳炎を有するアトピー犬の耳垢は、健常犬の正常な耳の耳垢と比較して、cBD3様HDPおよびcCathHDPの濃度が低いことが初めて示された。また、両群の耳垢には、一貫した抗菌作用は認められなかった。.
背景: 主防御肽(HDPs)参与皮肤免疫防御。健康的正常和未感染的特应性犬的耳朵中HDPs的分泌尚未被测量。 假设/目的: 化没有感染性中耳炎的健康和特应性犬耳分泌物中类β-防御素(cBD3)和抗菌肽(cCath)HDPs的浓度。此外，评估所获得的HDPs的抗菌效果。 动物: 括10只健康犬和20只患有轻度炎症性、非感染性中耳炎的特应性犬。 材料和方法: 通过细胞学评估确定无感染，并通过先前验证的评分(Otitis Externa Scoring System for clinical Study，OTIS-3)评估临床症状的严重程度(如果存在)。用2mL磷酸钠缓冲液冲洗每只犬的左耳道。通过酶联免疫吸附测定法对获得的溶液进行分析，以量化HDPs。此外，将耳分泌物与两种浓度(5×105和5×104菌落形成单位/mL)的假中间型葡萄球菌孵育，并在孵育24小时后测量细菌密度。对数据进行了统计分析。显著性设定为p≤0.05。 结果: 正常健康犬相比，特应性耳的分泌物中HDPs的浓度显著较低(类cBD3:p=0.0007；cCath:p=0.049)。两组的耳分泌物均具有最低至可变的抗菌活性。 结论和临床相关性: 研究首次表明，患有轻度非感染性中耳炎的特应性犬的耳分泌物中，类cBD3和cCath HDPs的浓度低于患有正常耳朵的健康犬。两组的耳分泌物中均未出现一致的抗菌作用。.
UNASSIGNED: Os peptídeos de defesa do hospedeiro (HDPs) estão envolvidos na defesa imune cutânea. A secreção de HDPs nas orelhas de cães atópicos saudáveis normais e não infectados não foi medida. HIPÓTESES/OBJETIVOS: Quantificar as concentrações de β-defensinas (cBD3)-like e catelicidina (cCath) HDPs em secreções otológicas de cães saudáveis e atópicos sem otite infecciosa. Adicionalmente avaliar o efeito antimicrobiano das HDPs obtidas.
UNASSIGNED: Dez cães saudáveis e 20 atópicos com otite inflamatória leve não infecciosa foram incluídos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: A ausência de infecção foi determinada pela avaliação citológica e a gravidade dos sinais clínicos, se presentes, foi avaliada por um escore previamente validado (Otitis Externa Scoring System for Clinical Study, OTIS-3). O conduto auditivo esquerdo de cada cão foi lavado com 2 mL de tampão fosfato de sódio. A solução obtida foi analisada por ensaio imunossorvente ligado a enzima para quantificar HDPs. Adicionalmente, as secreções otológicas foram incubadas com duas concentrações (5 × 105 e 5 × 104 unidades formadoras de colônias/mL) de Staphylococcus pseudintermedius e a densidade bacteriana medida após 24 h de incubação. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente. A significância foi definida como p ≤ 0,05.
RESULTS: Houve uma concentração significativamente menor de HDPs nas secreções otológicas de orelhas atópicas quando comparadas àquelas de cães saudáveis normais (cBD3-like: p = 0,0007; cCath: p = 0,049). Houve atividade antimicrobiana mínima a variável nas secreções otológicas de ambos os grupos. CONCLUSÕES E RELEVÂNCIA CLÍNICA: Este estudo demonstrou, pela primeira vez, que as secreções otológicas de cães atópicos com otite não infecciosa leve possuíam uma concentração menor de cBD3-like e cCath HDPs do que aquelas de cães saudáveis com orelhas normais. Não observou-se atividade antimicrobiana consistente nas secreções otológicas de nenhum dos grupos.