{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: A Novel Ear Impression-Taking Method Using Structured Light Imaging and Machine Learning: A Pilot Proof of Concept Study with Patients' Feedback on Prototype.
{Author}: Chua KW;Yeo HKH;Tan CKL;Martinez JC;Goh ZH;Dritsas S;Simpson RE;
{Journal}: J Clin Med
{Volume}: 13
{Issue}: 5
{Year}: 2024 Feb 21
{Factor}: 4.964
{DOI}: 10.3390/jcm13051214
{Abstract}: <B>BACKGROUND: </B>Taking an ear impression is a minimally invasive procedure. A review of existing literature suggests that contactless methods of scanning the ear have not been developed. We proposed to establish a correlation between external ear features with the ear canal and with this proof of concept to develop a prototype and an algorithm for capturing and predicting ear canal information.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>We developed a novel prototype using structured light imaging to capture external images of the ear. Using a large database of existing ear impression images obtained by traditional methods, correlation analyses were carried out and established. A deep neural network was devised to build a predictive algorithm. Patients undergoing hearing aid evaluation undertook both methods of ear impression-taking. We evaluated their subjective feedback and determined if there was a close enough objective match between the images obtained from the impression techniques.<BR><B>RESULTS: </B>A prototype was developed and deployed for trial, and most participants were comfortable with this novel method of ear impression-taking. Partial matching of the ear canal could be obtained from the images taken, and the predictive algorithm applied for a few sample images was within good standard of error with proof of concept established.<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>Further studies are warranted to strengthen the predictive capabilities of the algorithm and determine optimal prototype imaging positions so that sufficient ear canal information can be obtained for three-dimensional printing. Ear impression-taking may then have the potential to be automated, with the possibility of same-day three-dimensional printing of the earmold to provide timely access.