Organisations deploy digital platforms to maximise value and transform their businesses. The success of most platforms is attributed to Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), the protocols enabling different software to communicate with each other. However, previous research on APIs has predominantly focused on the technical dimensions, such as design, and unintentionally neglected other social areas, such as organisational outcomes. This study seeks to advance organisational API research by adopting an agility perspective to explore the agility outcomes after API integration. Through rich qualitative data from a music digital firm, the findings revealed four primary agility outcomes: customer agility in the form of swift customer feedback, operational agility in the form of improved business process and delay reduction, partner agility in the form of embracing flexibility in processes and structures and expanding their ecosystem and decision agility in the form of fast decision making. A model showing the interplay and interdependencies of the agility outcomes was developed and provided depth and clarity to the findings. This study extends the literature by establishing how API integration influences organisational agility under conditions such as possessing capabilities and managing tensions during the integration process.

The studies on the demand for healthcare in low- and middle-income countries rarely take into consideration the fact that many people spend their income on self-treatment and professional treatment. The estimation of the income elasticity of demand for self-treatment and professional treatment can show a more precise picture of the affordability of professional care. This paper contributes to the discussion around estimates of income elasticity of health spending and discussion whether professional care and self-treatment are close to a luxury good and inferior good respectively in a middle-income country. We apply the switching regression model to explain the choice between self-treatment and professional healthcare via estimates of the income elasticity. Estimates are made with the use of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey - Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE), a nationally representative survey. While individual expenditure on professional treatment is higher than that on self-treatment, our estimates show that expenses on professional treatment can be income inelastic except when spending on medicines prescribed by a physician that are elastic. The results also indicate that cost of self-treatment is income elastic. In all cases, the considered income elasticities are statistically insignificant between professional and self-treatment.

Like most sectors, the aquaculture and fisheries sector especially in developing countries like Bangladesh is believed to have been severely affected by this unique coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. To overcome the adverse impacts of COVID-19, the aquaculture and fisheries economy needs urgent recovery plans which this study focusses on using a mixed-method including online questionnaire surveys, face-to-face and telephonic interviews and focus group discussions during June - November 2020. This study reveals some positive impacts on ecosystem and fish stock (e.g., increase in fish stock) due to less disturbance of fishing activities, but that are not able to bring societal benefits as all the fisheries sub-sectors are affected differently by the pandemic. There are disrupted transportation systems and increased transportation costs (around 20 - 60% higher than normal), more input and maintenance costs and less demand for/and decreased market price of fish. There are also shortages of labourers and reduced patrolling to implement fishery regulations. Cancellation of orders by foreign buyers has seriously affected the shrimp and crab sub-sectors. The fisheries-dependent people\'s capital assets and activities have been mostly negatively affected resulting in a worsened livelihood. This study has suggested a set of immediate and long-term changes to policy and action plans to recover this sector and sub-sectors from the pandemic considering economic, social and environmental sustainability. The findings of this study may have important implications not only for Bangladesh but also for other fisheries dependent developing countries with similar impacts by the virus like in South Asia.

Background: In 2016, the Government of Bangladesh (GoB) established a teleconsultation service called Shastho Batayon to increase access to physicians. During COVID-19 pandemic, health care access became limited due to movement restrictions. In response, GoB made Shastho Batayon toll free, publicized the number through media, increased the number of call center doctors, introduced automated messages on COVID-19 preventive measures, and developed a scoring system to classify risk groups for COVID-19. Objectives and Methods: In this case report, we describe how an existing national teleconsultation service can be utilized in a low- and middle-income country to address primary health care needs during a public health emergency. We conducted secondary analysis of Shastho Batayon service data from January to April 2020. Results: The total calls for doctor\'s consultation increased during the pandemic. Prepandemic, Shastho Batayon received less than 20,000 calls per month. In March 2020, when the first cases of COVID-19 were confirmed, Shastho Batayon services received 60,811 calls for doctor\'s consultation, which increased to 125,660 calls in April, 2020. The doctor\'s consultation for primary care has increased for all conditions. Shastho Batayon services screened 28,944 patients with the influenza-like illness or COVID-19-like symptoms in March and April, 2020, provided preventive measures, advice, and referral to designated hospitals based on a national guideline. Conclusions: In public health emergencies such as COVID-19 pandemic, teleconsultation services can help provide prevention guidelines, debunk misinformation, identify risk categories, and refer people to appropriate service and facilities in a timely manner.

HyFlex termed as hybrid-flexibility is a teaching approach where teachers and students have the alternative to participate in planned courses either remotely or face-to-face. This study examines the effectiveness of the HyFlex pedagogical method to teach highly interactive digital and face-to-face cyber security training in Nigeria amidst the pandemic. Data was collected using a survey questionnaire from 113 participants to evaluate student\'s perception towards the effectiveness of the Hyflex method using physical and Zoom teleconferencing which allow students to participate remotely in the cyber security training. The developed questionnaire comprising both open-ended and Likert-style questions was administered to purposely sampled participants. Findings from this study presents implementation details on how the HyFlex teaching model was implemented from a developing country context. Besides, findings present challenges and opportunities experienced with adopting the HyFlex pedagogical model, and also offers recommendations to other instructors for employing this teaching model. Findings also reveal that although there were challenges experienced by the students who attended via online such as connectivity issues, competency in using some features in Zoom-conferencing, etc. The students did appreciate the flexibility HyFlex teaching afforded, indicating that HyFlex is a promising teaching approach for fostering engagement of students especially in large-group cyber security courses.

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is associated with an increased risk of adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes, particularly in developing countries. The current COVID-19 pandemic has also affected pregnant women, probably increasing the adverse effects. It is speculated that COVID-19 infection in pregnant women would further increase the risk of complications. However, factual data is still lacking, especially from resource-constrained countries. We conducted a case series of 20 pregnant women with RHD and COVID-19 infection and compared their outcomes with 40 with RHD but without COVDI-19. We observed a high risk of adverse cardiac and pregnancy effects across the whole cohort of 60 patients. However, the comparative study between the two groups failed to show any incremental risk of complications due to COVID-19 infection. Although the sample size was limited; the results are encouraging, particularly for developing countries.

Why do some alien plants become naturalized, and some naturalized become invasive? Do different factors determine successful naturalization and invasion? Most, if not all, studies addressing these questions have focused either on the part of the invasion continuum or a specific group of alien species. In this study, we aimed to answer these questions for alien plant invasion in India by considering 13 variables related to biogeography, introduction pathways, uses, functional traits, and distribution for 715 species belonging to three invasion categories. We deciphered the variables\' influence on successful naturalization and invasion through a structural equation modeling framework implemented as path analyses and translated the findings to management implications. Our study revealed that the invasive aliens had significantly higher naturalized range size, a greater number of uses, and higher specific leaf area than the naturalized and casual aliens. Path analyses revealed that the native and naturalized range sizes, number of uses, and growth form had a direct influence on naturalization success, whereas longer minimum residence time (MRT) facilitated overcoming of the dispersal barrier for naturalized species. Invasion success was directly influenced by the MRT and number of uses, which were further influenced by the number of native congeners and the naturalized range size, respectively. Plant growth forms indirectly influenced invasion success, whereas the native range sizes had indirect effects on successful naturalization and invasion by strongly influencing the size of the naturalized range. Our findings suggested considering species biogeography in the formulation of quarantine measures, imposing policies to discourage the uses and spread of alien plants within the country, and implementing early control measures, especially for the naturalized aliens. The curated dataset used in this study would also provide a ready reference for future research and decision-making towards the management of alien plant invasion in the country.

Hypopituitarism, a deficiency of one or more of the hormones produced by the pituitary gland, is a rare disorder. It can be congenital or acquired. Case report on childhood hypopituitarism is rare in Nigeria. We present a 15-year-old boy, second of a set of twins, who presented with short stature and delayed puberty. Subtle difference in stature, was noticed on review of their childhood pictures by 2 years of age though disparity in stature became obvious to the parents at 6 years of age and it became embarrassing at 15 years of age when parents decided to seek medical attention. He was a product of term gestation with birth weight of 3.2kg; there was no history suggestive of birth trauma. Developmental milestone in the first two years of life was essentially normal like his unaffected twin brother. At presentation both height and weight were below 3rd percentile for age, he had a low blood pressure of 80/50mmHg, infantile male external genitalia with testicular volume of 2ml, bone age of 7 years, very low serum testosterone, growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, thyroxine, follicle stimulating hormone, leutenizing hormone, Cortisol and high thyroid stimulating hormone. He achieved remarkable improvement in physical activity, height, weight and hormonal profile within the first 7 months of hormone replacement therapy but could not sustain therapy because of financial constraint. Paediatric hypopituitarism is a rare and treatable disorder. Early presentation, diagnosis and appropriate hormone replacement therapy at affordable price is essential for survival and good prognosis.

UNASSIGNED: Right ventricular outflow tract continuity abnormalities are one of the most commonly encountered entities in the field of congenital cardiac surgery. Various strategies including homograft, valve conduit, Contegra are used to restore continuity between right ventricle and pulmonary artery. In countries like Pakistan these may not be easily available and affordable. We report the experience of our short observational study of using a handmade trileaflet valve conduit to reconstruct the right ventricular outflow tract.
UNASSIGNED: From September 2015 to December 2016, a total of 15 patients with different congenital heart diseases underwent open-heart surgery at our institute. Restoration of right ventricular to pulmonary artery continuity was achieved using handmade valve conduit utilizing bovine pericardium and thin sheet PTFE sheets (0.1 mm) as conduit and valve respectively.
UNASSIGNED: Patients ranged from 1 to 16 years. Seven patients had previous palliation including 4 blalock taussig (BT) Shunts and 3 pulmonary artery (PA) banding. Postoperative complications were observed in 4 patient including 2 in hospital deaths and 2 required interventions. One patient developed aneurysm at RV- conduit junction requiring surgical repair and the other underwent conduit dilatation for moderate to severe stenosis (gradient 60 mmHg). No significant regurgitation was observed in this series. Overall postoperative gradients were stable with mean gradient 25.3 mmHg (8 mmhg - 60 mmHg).
UNASSIGNED: The use of handmade valve conduits has acceptable morbidity and mortality. These are cost effective alternatives in this part of the world, where well-established conduits have cost implications and uncertain availability.

This paper argues the effectiveness of Ecohealth education for improving the quality of health and environmental education and for achieving sustainable development in developing countries. To illustrate the need for Ecohealth education, we review the transitions in health education, environmental education and Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in various developing countries. Moreover, we discuss issues relating to these disciplines and consider the possible roles that Ecohealth education can play. Then, drawing on a case study conducted in Lao PDR, we propose a concrete example of the teaching content of Ecohealth education. We conclude that Ecohealth education can embody the concepts of ESD with respect to health and environmental issues, and thus can contribute to improvements in the quality of health and environmental education, and of ESD. In addition, we propose the following five actions for implementing Ecohealth education in developing countries: (i) promote research based on the approaches of public health and anthropology, and develop teaching materials that use the research results, (ii) empower school-aged children, (iii) encourage the active involvement and sharing of problems among communities, (iv) strengthen participatory teaching and learning methodology and (v) build a training system and train relevant teachers.