Focal microdontia is a dental anomaly characterized by the presence of a single abnormally small anterior or posterior tooth. The objective of this article is to provide an updated review of the literature on the advanced restorative management of focal microdontia, and to document a clinical case where the reviewed advanced restorative approaches were applied to treat a young adult presenting with a non-syndromic asymmetrical focal microdontia.We conducted a preliminary examination of the existing literature on the advanced restorative management of focal microdontia. Additionally, we presented a minimally invasive approach to the treatment of an 18-year-old female patient with non-syndromic asymmetrical focal microdontia. The primary advantage of adhesive dentistry is that it can better preserve the structure of smaller teeth. A review of literature reveals a paucity of reports on localized microdontia in the maxillary anterior region of the mouth. However, novel minimally invasive restorative procedures satisfy patients\' aesthetic and functional preferences. Well-executed additive diagnostic wax-ups and intraoral mock-ups can serve as a permanent restoration blueprint, providing predictable results for focal dental anomalies in the aesthetic zone. In conclusion, the use of minimally invasive dental approaches in young patients with focal microdontia can result in long-term satisfactory aesthetic outcomes.

PHACES syndrome is an acronym for the syndromic presentation of Posterior fossa malformation, Hemangioma, Arterial anomalies, Coarctation of aorta/cardiac defects, Eye abnormalities and Sternal malformations. Infantile hemangiomas are the most common tumors of infancy. Regional odontodysplasia, commonly referred to as \"ghost teeth\", is a rare localized developmental malformation of enamel and dentin with varying levels of severity that results in unusual clinical and radiographic appearances of affected teeth. This report describes a rare case of a two-year-old Caucasian male diagnosed with PHACES syndrome also presenting with multi-regional odontodysplasia. Ten of twenty teeth were dysplastic. The patient was treated under general anesthesia in a hospital setting. All affected primary teeth were extracted due to sensitivity, abscess and extremely poor long-term prognosis. Moving forward, a long-term interdisciplinary approach will be necessary to address this child\'s dentition as it develops.

Solitary median maxillary central incisor (SMMCI) syndrome is complex and usually develops 35-38 days postconception during the intrauterine period. A noteworthy discovery is that just one central incisor in the maxillary alveolus, found exactly on the centerline, is present in both deciduous and permanent dentitions with other congenital anomalies. Around one in every 50,000 live babies exhibits this abnormality. This report describes the case of a 13-year-old female patient with SMMCI syndrome with a complaint about an unsightly appearance due to a single large upper front tooth. We underline the importance of increasing clinician awareness of SMMCI syndrome and the need for a multidisciplinary approach to its care.

UNASSIGNED: The aim of this paper is to report a rare case in a 6-year-old girl where two dental anomalies, fusion and concrescence, coexisted in primary dentition. This highlights the significance of the accurate early diagnosis of these dental anomalies.
UNASSIGNED: Odontogenic anomalies are frequently encountered in dental practice. These anomalies can occur due to abnormalities during the differentiation stage and may lead to aberrations in hard tissue formation. Some of the uncommon and unusual dental anomalies of number and form include fusion, gemination, and concrescence.
UNASSIGNED: This elusive case represents the fusion and concrescence together between the left central and a supernumerary tooth. The left primary central incisor presens as a large tooth with a groove through the incisal edge. Clinical observation along with radiographic evaluation using RVG radiographs and orthopantomogram (OPG) were used to arrive at a diagnosis.
UNASSIGNED: Early diagnosis of concrescence will reduce the risk of possible complications associated with any need for extraction later on. Monitoring the patient and long-term follow-up are required to manage the case with coexisting anomalies of true fusion and acquired concrescence.
UNASSIGNED: A thorough history-taking and clinical and radiographic evaluation of fusion and concrescence at an early stage results in an accurate diagnosis. A careful monitoring plan is a key to reduce the risk of possible complications later on.
UNASSIGNED: Ahuja V, Pathak A. Fluke of Fusion and Concrescence in Maxillary Deciduous Incisors: A Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-3):S327-S330.

Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a rare disorder that appears differently in clinical cases and can present with a variety of combinations and severities of abnormalities that can involve a variety of tissues. The disease might appear clinically as hypotrichosis, hypohidrosis, or hypodontia, among other clinical manifestations. The patient, a five-year-old boy, was seen at the Taibah University Dental Clinic and was diagnosed with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia type 1 based on clinical radiographic and genetic findings. Although there is no base data for reporting this case, the present case presentation could alert dental practitioners and expand scientific database knowledge on the dental and/or oral characteristics of this abnormality.

Molar-root incisor malformation (MRIM) is a seldom reported condition characterised by disturbances in root development of first permanent molars. This systematic review aimed to collate the clinical characteristics of individuals diagnosed with MRIM.
A systematic search strategy using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases was performed through to March 2023. Inclusion criteria were case reports or case series including a diagnosis consistent with MRIM. Critical appraisal for all included studies utilised the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist for case reports and case series and collation of clinical characteristics was performed in JBI System for the Unified Management, Assessment and Review of Information program.
The search identified 157 studies from which 35 satisfied the inclusion criteria. After full-text review, a total of 23 papers described the MRIM dental anomaly and were included in this paper. A total of 130 reported cases were retrieved, with age ranging 3-32 years, and males affected 1.16:1 females. Presence of neurological conditions, premature birth history, medication, and surgery within first years of life were synthesised and described.
The aetiology of MRIM is yet to be determined but epigenetic changes from significant medical history in the first years of life are likely to influence the development of this root malformation. First permanent molars were most commonly affected, but clinicians should be aware that permanent central incisors, primary teeth and other permanent teeth may also be affected.

Talon cusp is a rare odontogenic developmental anomaly with male predilection and multifactorial etiology. It projects as an accessory cusp-like structure from the cingulum area or the cement enamel junction (CEJ) affecting both primary and permanent dentition. It is imperative to clinically examine the developing dentition for occlusal harmony, especially in children with this anomaly. This report highlights facial cellulitis as a complication arising from a type I taloned maxillary lateral incisor and its endodontic management in a female pediatric patient. It emphasizes the clinical significance, early diagnosis, and prompt prophylactic management of the talon cusp so as to prevent the development of acute sequelae in children.

OBJECTIVE: Regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) has been considered a successful approach to manage infected immature teeth; however, cases associated with dental anomalies, i.e., talon cusp, need to be further investigated.
METHODS: A 7-year-old girl with local swelling associated with the permanent maxillary right central incisor was referred; cone-beam computed tomography revealed a talon cusp, an immature root and two well-defined endodontic lesions. The treatment consisted of regenerative endodontic treatment (RET); the canal was chemically cleaned and a modified triple antibiotic paste was used as intracanal medication. In the next appointment, RET was performed through the creation of blood clot scaffold in the canal covered/sealed with calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement.
RESULTS: In the 7-day recall session, clinical examination showed that the swelling had completely resolved. At 24-month recall, the treated tooth was asymptomatic and functional. CBCT images demonstrated evidence of maturation in the apical third of the root, healing of two large endodontic lesions and complete dentinal bridge formation beneath CEM cement.
CONCLUSIONS: RET for an infected immature tooth with a dental anomaly, i.e., talon cusp, may be a desirable treatment option and result in the resolution of endodontic lesions as well as regeneration of new vital tissues; allowing continuous root maturation.

Regional odontodysplasia is a rare developmental disorder characterised by hypoplasia and hypomineralisation of enamel and dentin. Our systematic review aimed to organise the knowledge on localisation, symptomatology and treatment methods in patients with regional odontodysplasia based on case reports published in the databases PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Case reports were described in 28 different countries, considering 180 patients (including 91 females). Regional odontodysplasia occurs mainly in both deciduous and permanent dentition (66.1%). The affected teeth were observed more frequently in the maxilla (70.0%), especially on the left side (45.6%). The most common reported symptoms were ghost teeth, poorly developed buds, yellowish-brown colour of crowns and delayed eruption of permanent teeth in affected quadrants. The most popular treatment method was surgical treatment (78.6%) with subsequent prosthetic therapy (34.6%). Based on the review of cases, pathognomonic clinical and radiological signs can be found, however, it is difficult to reach a consensus on the choice of treatment method.

Dentists may encounter patients with numerical dental anomalies in clinical practice and understanding of these conditions would allow early detection as well as intervention. The absence of one or more teeth congenitally is referred as hypodontia. This dental anomaly is rarely reported in primary dentition and the most commonly affected teeth in the primary dentition are mandibular lateral incisors and primary canines are remarkably very rare and this entity has not been often reported. This case study was aimed to report a 3-year-old Indian girl with the absence of three canines primary dentition and also evaluate the overall dental development pattern of developing permanent teeth. Furthermore, a new finding for pediatric dentists that the development of permanent canines in case of missing primary canines.