The humanization of medical education is targeted at integration of humanitarian values and approaches into system of education of medical personnel to improve their professional and personal training. This process includes education in medical ethics, development of communication skills, stress management and implementation of humanitarian disciplines into the curriculum. The humanization contributes into formation of empathy, responsibility and professionalism in future physicians that helps to better understand and consider psychological, social and emotional needs of patients. The problems of including humanitarian sciences into medical education are associated with lack of systematic approach, adequate curricula and qualified lecturers. To optimize process, it is necessary to focus on education of ideals and beliefs, development of integrated curricula and enhancement of humanitarian component of education.

OBJECTIVE: As identified in the American Occupational Therapy Association\'s (AOTA\'s; 2023) statement about the purpose and value of the occupational therapy doctoral capstone, there is a lack of evidence about the purpose and value of the doctoral capstone. As an essential element of occupational therapy doctoral degree curricula, the capstone is unique to each program, supports the program\'s scholarship agenda, and serves the needs of students and the communities served by the profession.
OBJECTIVE: To develop a doctoral capstone research agenda in an attempt to prioritize and guide research that can supplement the current paucity of evidence related to capstone efficacy or effectiveness.
METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines were used to conduct a scoping review. Peer-reviewed articles published between 1999 and June 2023 were searched using the CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Embase databases.
RESULTS: The doctoral capstone research agenda was developed and organized into five categories to drive research activities inclusive of the didactic and experiential learning associated with the planning, implementation, and evaluation of the capstone process: (1) teaching and learning; (2) learner characteristics and competencies; (3) shaping professional identity; (4) faculty/mentor development and resources; and (5) promotion of diversity, equity, and inclusion.
CONCLUSIONS: A doctoral capstone research agenda was developed in accordance with AOTA\'s (2018) Occupational Therapy Education Research Agenda. It identifies an array of areas in which research is needed to inform the distinct value and purpose of the doctoral capstone to students, sites, programs, and the profession. Plain-Language Summary: The occupational therapy doctoral capstone is unique to each program, supports the program\'s scholarship agenda, and supports the needs of students and the communities served by the profession. The American Occupational Therapy Association\'s official document on the \"Occupational Therapy Doctoral Capstone: Purpose and Value\" states that there is a lack of evidence about how to identify the distinct purpose and value of the doctoral capstone. This scoping review explored the development of a doctoral capstone research agenda. A research agenda is provided to guide and prioritize research to articulate best practices and the distinct purpose and value of the doctoral capstone in occupational therapy education and for the profession.

UNASSIGNED: In the past decade, humanitarian emergencies have been increasing, leading to an higher demand for humanitarian health professionalization. Education and training are critical for preparing these workers to provide effective care during crises. Understanding the current state-of-the-art in humanitarian health education is essential to inform research and development of future educational programs. This review surveys the peer-reviewed literature to provide insights into the current thinking in the field.
UNASSIGNED: A review was conducted in March 2023 and updated in May 2024 using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Education Resources Information Center databases for English-language peer-reviewed articles published since January 2013. The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and presented as a narrative descriptive summary.
UNASSIGNED: After screening, 32 articles met the inclusion criteria. The themes of the selected articles focus on education and training frameworks, mapping, and programs. Despite the growing opportunities, most education and training programs are based in the Global North. The gaps identified include a lack of standardized curriculum or competency frameworks and evaluation frameworks to guide the development and evaluation of further standardized training programs. Interdisciplinary and collaborative partnerships, iterative design, and mixed teaching methods and modalities, including e-learning, facilitated successful training. However, logistical and technical constraints and the lack of standardized training frameworks were barriers to developing, implementing, and evaluating such training programs.
UNASSIGNED: This review provides an overview of the humanitarian health education trends over the last decade and identifies key areas for future educational development and research. The findings emphasize the importance of adapting interdisciplinary and collaborative partnerships and prioritizing the training of local staff through regional centers, local leadership, and accessible e-learning, including e-simulation. The review also highlights the need for continued research and evaluation of humanitarian health education and training programs with standardized metrics to evaluate training programs and identify areas for improvement. These steps will help ensure that humanitarian health professionals receive adequate training to provide effective healthcare in crisis situations.

BACKGROUND: Learning and teaching interdisciplinary health data science (HDS) is highly challenging, and despite the growing interest in HDS education, little is known about the learning experiences and preferences of HDS students.
OBJECTIVE: We conducted a systematic review to identify learning preferences and strategies in the HDS discipline.
METHODS: We searched 10 bibliographic databases (PubMed, ACM Digital Library, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wiley Online Library, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, EBSCOhost, ERIC, and IEEE Xplore) from the date of inception until June 2023. We followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and included primary studies written in English that investigated the learning preferences or strategies of students in HDS-related disciplines, such as bioinformatics, at any academic level. Risk of bias was independently assessed by 2 screeners using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, and we used narrative data synthesis to present the study results.
RESULTS: After abstract screening and full-text reviewing of the 849 papers retrieved from the databases, 8 (0.9%) studies, published between 2009 and 2021, were selected for narrative synthesis. The majority of these papers (7/8, 88%) investigated learning preferences, while only 1 (12%) paper studied learning strategies in HDS courses. The systematic review revealed that most HDS learners prefer visual presentations as their primary learning input. In terms of learning process and organization, they mostly tend to follow logical, linear, and sequential steps. Moreover, they focus more on abstract information, rather than detailed and concrete information. Regarding collaboration, HDS students sometimes prefer teamwork, and sometimes they prefer to work alone.
CONCLUSIONS: The studies\' quality, assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, ranged between 73% and 100%, indicating excellent quality overall. However, the number of studies in this area is small, and the results of all studies are based on self-reported data. Therefore, more research needs to be conducted to provide insight into HDS education. We provide some suggestions, such as using learning analytics and educational data mining methods, for conducting future research to address gaps in the literature. We also discuss implications for HDS educators, and we make recommendations for HDS course design; for example, we recommend including visual materials, such as diagrams and videos, and offering step-by-step instructions for students.

BACKGROUND: Individuals with intellectual disabilities experience barriers to quality healthcare. To reduce this disparity, equipping medical trainees with the knowledge and skills required for treating this patient population is critical. Our aim is to describe the breadth of instructional interventions and identify gaps in intellectual disability medical education curricula.
METHODS: Using scoping review methods, the intellectual disability programmes described in 27 articles were evaluated and their coverage of the six core competencies on disability for health care education was examined.
RESULTS: The most frequently represented core competencies were disability conceptual frameworks, professionalism and communication, and clinical assessment, which were, in most programmes, fulfilled by activities involving individuals with intellectual disabilities. Uneven competency coverage warrants consideration.
CONCLUSIONS: Considerable variabilities exist in medical school curricula on intellectual disabilities. Using core competencies on disability for health care education for curricular design and evaluation would provide a coherent training experience in this important area.

BACKGROUND: Motivational interviewing (MI) is a person-centred approach focused on empowering and motivating individuals for behavioural change. Medical students can utilize MI in patient education to engage with patients\' chronic health ailments and maladaptive behaviours. A current scoping review was conducted to 1) determine the types of MI (conventional, adapted, brief and group MI) education programs in medical schools, delivery modalities and teaching methods used; 2) classify educational outcomes on the basis of Kirkpatrick\'s hierarchy; and 3) determine the key elements of MI education via the FRAMES (feedback, responsibility, advice, menu of options, empathy, self-efficacy) model.
METHODS: This scoping review was conducted via the framework outlined by Arksey and O\'Malley. Two online databases, CINAHL and MEDLINE Complete, were searched to identify MI interventions in medical education. Further articles were selected from bibliography lists and the Google Scholar search engine.
RESULTS: From an initial yield of 2019 articles, 19 articles were included. First, there appears to be a bimodal distribution of most articles published between the two time periods of 2004--2008 and 2019--2023. Second, all the studies included in this review did not use conventional MI but instead utilized a variety of MI adaptation techniques. Third, most studies used face-to-face training in MI, whereas only one study used online delivery. Fourth, most studies have used a variety of interactive experiences to teach MI. Next, all studies reported outcomes at Kirkpatrick\'s Level 2, but only 4 studies reported outcomes at Kirkpatrick\'s Level 3. According to the FRAMES model, all studies (n=19; 100%) reported the elements of responsibility and advice. The element that was reported the least was self-efficacy (n = 12; 63.1%).
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that motivational interviewing can be taught effectively in medical schools via adaptations to MI and a variety of teaching approaches. However, there is a need for further research investigating standardized MI training across medical schools, the adequate dose for training in MI and the implementation of reflective practices. Future studies may benefit from exploring and better understanding the relationship between MI and self-efficacy in their MI interventions.

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UNASSIGNED: The responsibility for addressing the healthcare needs of PWUS is the responsibility of all physicians. Within the healthcare system, research consistently reveals inequitable experiences in healthcare with people who use substances (PWUS) reporting stigmatization, marginalization, and a lack of compassion.
UNASSIGNED: The aim of this scoping review was to find and describe competencies being taught, developed, and fostered within medical education and then to provide recommendations to improve care for this population of patients.
UNASSIGNED: Nineteen articles were included. Recommended knowledge competencies tend to promote understanding neurophysiological changes caused by substances, alongside knowing how to evaluate of \'risky\' behaviours. Commonly recommended skills relate to the screening and management of substance use disorders. Recommended attitude competencies include identifying personal bias and establishing a patient-centered culture among practice teams. The disease model of addiction informed all papers, with no acknowledgement of potential beneficial or non-problematic experiences of substance use. To enhance knowledge-type competencies, medical education programs are advised to include addiction specialists as educators and prevent stigmatization through the hidden curriculum.
UNASSIGNED: To reduce experiences of stigmatization and marginalization among patients who use illicit substances and to improve quality of care, knowledge, skills, and attitudes competencies can be more effectively taught in medical education programs.Résumé.
UNASSIGNED: Il incombe à tous les médecins de répondre aux besoins en matière de soins de santé des consommateurs de substances psychoactives. Au sein du système de santé, les recherches révèlent régulièrement des expériences inéquitables en matière de soins de santé, les consommateurs de substances faisant état de stigmatisation, de marginalisation et d\'un manque de compassion.
UNASSIGNED: L\'objectif de cette étude exploratoire était de trouver et de décrire les compétences enseignées, développées et encouragées dans le cadre de la formation médicale, puis de formuler des recommandations pour améliorer les soins prodigués à ces patients.
UNASSIGNED: Au total, 19 articles ont été inclus. Les compétences recommandées en matière de connaissances tendent à promouvoir la compréhension des changements neurophysiologiques causés par les substances, ainsi que la connaissance de l\'évaluation des comportements « à risque ». Les compétences couramment recommandées concernent le dépistage et la gestion des troubles liés à l\'usage de substances. Les compétences recommandées en matière d\'attitude comprennent l\'identification des préjugés personnels et l\'instauration d\'une culture centrée sur le patient au sein des équipes de praticiens. Tous les articles s\'appuient sur le modèle pathologique de la toxicomanie et ne reconnaissent pas les expériences potentiellement bénéfiques ou non problématiques de la consommation de substances. Pour améliorer les compétences en matière de connaissances, il est conseillé aux programmes de formation médicale d\'inclure des spécialistes de la toxicomanie en tant qu\'éducateurs et de prévenir la stigmatisation par le biais d\'un programme d’études caché.
UNASSIGNED: Pour réduire les expériences de stigmatisation et de marginalisation parmi les patients qui consomment des substances illicites et pour améliorer la qualité des soins, les connaissances, les aptitudes et les attitudes peuvent être enseignées plus efficacement dans les programmes de formation médicale.

OBJECTIVE: Immersive simulation is an innovative training approach in health education that enhances student learning. This study examined its impact on engagement, motivation, and academic performance in nursing and midwifery students.
METHODS: A comprehensive systematic search was meticulously conducted in 4 reputable databases-Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct-following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The research protocol was pre-registered in the PROSPERO registry, ensuring transparency and rigor. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument.
RESULTS: Out of 90 identified studies, 11 were included in the present review, involving 1,090 participants. Four out of 5 studies observed high post-test engagement scores in the intervention groups. Additionally, 5 out of 6 studies that evaluated motivation found higher post-test motivational scores in the intervention groups than in control groups using traditional approaches. Furthermore, among the 8 out of 11 studies that evaluated academic performance during immersive simulation training, 5 reported significant differences (P<0.001) in favor of the students in the intervention groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Immersive simulation, as demonstrated by this study, has a significant potential to enhance student engagement, motivation, and academic performance, surpassing traditional teaching methods. This potential underscores the urgent need for future research in various contexts to better integrate this innovative educational approach into nursing and midwifery education curricula, inspiring hope for improved teaching methods.

BACKGROUND: An often-hidden element in healthcare students\' education is the pedagogy of public involvement, yet public participation can result in deep learning for students with positive impacts on the public who participate.
OBJECTIVE: This article aimed to synthesize published literature reviews that described the impact of public participation in healthcare students\' education.
METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, ERIC, PsychINFO, CINAHL, PubMed, JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects and the PROSPERO register for literature reviews on public participation in healthcare students\' education.
METHODS: Reviews published in the last 10 years were included if they described patient or public participation in healthcare students\' education and reported the impacts on students, the public, curricula or healthcare systems.
METHODS: Data were extracted using a predesigned data extraction form and narratively synthesized.
RESULTS: Twenty reviews met our inclusion criteria reporting on outcomes related to students, the public, curriculum and future professional practice.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings raise awareness of the benefits and challenges of public participation in healthcare students\' education and may inform future research exploring how public participation can best be utilized in higher education.
UNASSIGNED: This review was inspired by conversations with public healthcare consumers who saw value in public participation in healthcare students\' education. Studies included involved public participants, providing a deeper understanding of the impacts of public participation in healthcare students\' education.