长乐鹅(CLG),一种中国本土品种,以其适应性而闻名,快速增长,和优质的肉质。尽管其农业价值,对其基因组属性的探索还很少。我们的研究需要对CLG和其他五个中国品种的303只鹅进行全基因组重测序,揭示不同的遗传多样性指标。我们发现了从兴国灰鹅到CLG的重要迁移事件以及它们之间的次要基因流动。我们通过选择性扫描分析确定了基因组区域,与CLG的独特性状相关。CLG中近交系数升高,除了降低的杂合性和罕见的单核苷酸多态性(RSNP),表明遗传多样性缩小。与繁殖有关的基因组区域,肉质,并确定了增长,GATA3基因对肉质表现出强烈的选择信号。Sloc2a1基因的非同义突变,这与CLG的生殖特征有关,等位基因频率表现出显著差异。CD82、CDH8和PRKAB1在生长发育中的作用,与FABP4,FAF1,ESR1和AKAP12一起繁殖,被突出显示。此外,Cdkal1和Mfsd14a可能影响肉品质。这种全面的遗传分析支撑了CLG独特的遗传组成,为其保护和知情育种策略提供基础。
The Changle goose (CLG), a Chinese indigenous breed, is celebrated for its adaptability, rapid growth, and premium meat quality. Despite its agricultural value, the exploration of its genomic attributes has been scant. Our study entailed whole-genome resequencing of 303 geese across CLG and five other Chinese breeds, revealing distinct genetic diversity metrics. We discovered significant migration events from Xingguo gray goose to CLG and minor gene flow between them. We identified genomic regions through selective sweep analysis, correlating with CLG\'s unique traits. An elevated inbreeding coefficient in CLG, alongside reduced heterozygosity and rare single nucleotide polymorphisms (RSNPs), suggests a narrowed genetic diversity. Genomic regions related to reproduction, meat quality, and growth were identified, with the GATA3 gene showing strong selection signals for meat quality. A non-synonymous mutation in the Sloc2a1 gene, which is associated with reproductive traits in the CLG, exhibited significant differences in allelic frequency. The roles of CD82, CDH8, and PRKAB1 in growth and development, alongside FABP4, FAF1, ESR1, and AKAP12 in reproduction, were highlighted. Additionally, Cdkal1 and Mfsd14a may influence meat quality. This comprehensive genetic analysis underpins the unique genetic makeup of CLG, providing a basis for its conservation and informed breeding strategies.