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A combination of a ruptured sinus of Valsalva (RSOV) with Ebstein anomaly is a rare and clinically challenging entity. We describe a case of a 29-year-old female who presented with progressive dyspnoea and epigastric discomfort with symptoms and clinical findings not consistent with any single definitive diagnosis. In the primary echocardiography assessment, she was diagnosed with Ebstein anomaly. On the grounds of several unexplained clinical features and routine review echocardiography by the cardiology team, she was found to have a rare combination of Ebstein anomaly associated with RSOV. A cath study was performed to study the interplay of the hemodynamics of the two lesions, not described before in the literature, and also explain the clinical features not consistent with any one entity. We emphasize the significance of meticulous history-taking and sound clinical evaluation followed by corroboration with the diagnostic modalities for precise diagnosis and timely planned intervention in such rare associations.
UNASSIGNED: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12055-023-01622-4.

UNASSIGNED: The prevalence of Graves\' disease varies widely between 21 and 80% of all cases of hyperthyroidism. Research conducted in 2018 at the Dr. Soetomo Regional General Hospital Surabaya found Graves\' disease in as many as 66.7% of all cases of hyperthyroidism. Thyrotoxicosis Periodic Paralysis (TPP) is a disorder characterized by reversible muscle weakness and paralysis, accompanied by hypokalemia, which usually accompanies hyperthyroidism, mostly caused by Graves\' disease. Management of severe hypokalemia in TPP is challenging.
UNASSIGNED: male, 29 years patient complained that both lower legs felt weak in the last 6 hours before coming to the hospital emergency department. The patient was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism in 2018. A fine tremor was found, and the patient was admitted to the hospital for 4 days and routinely controlled at the endocrine polyclinic.
UNASSIGNED: The underlying disease or causative etiology of thyrotoxicosis must be determined before treatment is conducted. The main concern when performing potassium replacement therapy is the occurrence of rebound hyperkalemia because this hypokalemia condition is caused not by total potassium depletion.
UNASSIGNED: The principles of management for thyrotoxicosis periodic paralysis are proper diagnosis, exclusion of other causes of paralysis, and other causes of hypokalemia, slow and gradual correction of hypokalemia, and close and careful clinical monitoring, ECG, and laboratory.

Hand prostheses are usually controlled by electromyographic (EMG) signals from the remnant muscles of the residual limb. Most prostheses used today are controlled with very simple techniques using only two EMG electrodes that allow to control a single prosthetic function at a time only. Recently, modern prosthesis controllers based on EMG classification, have become clinically available, which allow to directly access more functions, but still in a sequential manner only. We have recently shown in laboratory tests that a regression-based mapping from EMG signals into prosthetic control commands allows for a simultaneous activation of two functions and an independent control of their velocities with high reliability. Here we aimed to study how such regression-based control performs in daily life in a two-month case study. The performance is evaluated in functional tests and with a questionnaire at the beginning and the end of this phase and compared with the participant\'s own prosthesis, controlled with a classical approach. Already 1 day after training of the regression model, the participant with transradial amputation outperformed the performance achieved with his own Michelangelo hand in two out of three functional metrics. No retraining of the model was required during the entire study duration. During the use of the system at home, the performance improved further and outperformed the conventional control in all three metrics. This study demonstrates that the high fidelity of linear regression-based prosthesis control is not restricted to a laboratory environment, but can be transferred to daily use.

The aim of this article is to present intra- and extra-oral and cephalometric findings of three patients with a rare disease: the pycnodysostosis. Two cases had skeletal Class III malocclusion due to maxillary retrognathia and one had bimaxillary retrusion with Class I relationship. Total circular crossbite, increased gonial angle and vertical facial proportions, deep-narrow palates and retruded upper lip were found in all cases. Maxillary expansion, face mask treatment or/and orthognathic surgery are treatment alternatives, considering the growth and development. Bone fragility and the risk of osteomyelitis after extractions should be considered in such cases before orthodontic treatment and orthognatic surgery.

BACKGROUND: Lichen planopilaris (LPP) is as a lymphocytic variant of primary cicatricial alopecia.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the demographics, clinical findings, natural history, and response to various treatments of LPP.
METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records of all patients with clinical and histopathological diagnoses of LPP.
RESULTS: Out of 46 patients, there were 38 (82.6%) women and 8 (17.4%) men. There was no clear association of specific medical background and medications with disease onset. The most frequent complaint was itching scalp. Asymptomatic hair loss was observed in 39.2%. LPP involved the entire scalp in 39.1%, vertex in 28.3%, anterior scalp and vertex in 17.4%, fronto-temporal scalp in 6.5%, and posterior and parietal scalp in 6.5%. The topical treatment that caused the highest rate of symptomatic improvement was intralesional injection of corticosteroids. The treatment that led to the highest rate of remission was hydroxychloroquine combined with topical corticosteroid application. The remission rate was 6.5% after 3 months and 33% after 18 months. Of patients who achieved remission, 50% need continuous treatment to maintain remission. No patient had any visible hair regrowth on any treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: The range of empiric topical and systemic treatments used gives unsatisfactory results, in LPP patients.

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