柑橘素(CIT)由于其在哺乳动物物种中的已知毒性作用以及在食品中的广泛存在而值得关注。通常与曲霉毒素A一起,另一种肾毒性霉菌毒素.人体暴露,评估与食品污染物相关的风险的关键因素,取决于食品中的霉菌毒素污染水平和食品消费。商业补充剂,通常被称为红米,由于其药用特性,通常用于亚洲国家的日常饮食,由于高CIT水平,可能会造成健康问题。除了食品和补充剂中的CIT在全球范围内的出现,具有高灵敏度的多种分析和检测技术,用于评估CIT,在本手稿中进行了审查和讨论。这篇评论涉及有关植物或动物来源食品中存在CIT的科学文献,以及在补品中。关于分析方法,样品提取方法,如振荡提取和超声波辅助提取(UAE),清理方法,如液-液萃取(LLE),固相萃取(SPE)和快速,Easy,便宜,有效,坚固和安全(QuECHERS),以及检测和量化方法,如薄层色谱法(TLC),高效液相色谱(HPLC),毛细管电泳(CE),生物传感器,和ELISA,也进行了审查。
Citrinin (CIT) deserves attention due to its known toxic effects in mammalian species and its widespread occurrence in food commodities, often along with ochratoxin A, another nephrotoxic mycotoxin. Human exposure, a key element in assessing risk related to food contaminants, depends upon mycotoxin contamination levels in food and on food consumption. Commercial supplements, commonly designated as red rice, usually used in daily diets in Asiatic countries due to their medicinal properties, may pose a health problem as a result of high CIT levels. In addition to the worldwide occurrence of CIT in foods and supplements, a wide range of several analytical and detection techniques with high sensitivity, used for evaluation of CIT, are reviewed and discussed in this manuscript. This
review addresses the scientific literature regarding the presence of CIT in foods of either vegetable or animal origin, as well as in supplements. On what concerns analytical methodologies, sample extraction methods, such as shaking extraction and ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE), clean-up methods, such as liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid phase extraction (SPE) and Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuECHERS), and detection and quantification methods, such as thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), biosensors, and ELISA, are also reviewed.