目的:近年来,营养与心理健康之间的关系引起了人们的极大兴趣。我们确定,合成,并评估了所有随机对照试验(RCT)和观察性研究的荟萃分析,这些研究报告了饮食模式和营养补充剂在预防和治疗儿童和青少年精神障碍中的功效。
方法:MEDLINE系统研究,PsycINFO,Scopus,Cochrane系统审查数据库已于2024年1月8日完成。
结果:我们的研究发现了24项荟萃分析:14项关于RCT,8关于观察性研究,2、两者结合。新出现的证据表明,omega-3,特别是二十碳五烯酸,和维生素D可能对治疗注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)有辅助作用,虽然没有发现自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的证据。观察数据还表明,产前补充叶酸(每天>400μg)与后代ASD风险降低有关。在饮食习惯方面,对观察数据的几项荟萃分析显示,健康的饮食模式(富含水果,蔬菜,和纤维,低饱和脂肪)在产前期间,童年,青春期与内化障碍和外化障碍的风险显著降低有关.相反,不健康的饮食习惯(高糖,饱和动物脂肪,和工业食品,水果含量低,蔬菜,和纤维)与这些心理健康问题的风险增加有关。然而,关于治疗抑郁症的饮食干预的现有研究数量,ASD,多动症是有限的,获得的结果要么不重要,要么矛盾。
结论:我们的研究结果强调需要在儿童和青少年的饮食习惯与精神疾病风险之间建立明确的因果关系。此外,通过更大规模的RCTs进一步调查某些营养素补充剂(如omega-3和维生素D对ADHD的治疗)的益处,对于建立更有力的结论至关重要.
我们通过对24项相关荟萃分析的荟萃综述,调查了儿童和青少年营养与心理健康之间的联系。新的证据表明,Omega-3和维生素D在治疗ADHD方面的潜在益处,虽然没有证据支持它们在ASD中的有效性。观察数据还表明,产前补充叶酸可能会降低ASD风险。健康的饮食模式降低了内化和外化障碍的风险,而不健康的习惯会增加风险。关于抑郁症饮食干预的研究有限,ASD,和多动症提供不确定的结果。总之,我们的研究结果强调,需要清楚了解年轻人的饮食习惯与心理健康风险之间的因果关系.大规模的随机对照试验对于确认观察到的营养补充剂如omega-3和维生素D治疗ADHD的益处和形成更可靠的结论至关重要。
OBJECTIVE: In recent years, the relationship between nutrition and mental health has gained considerable interest. We identified, synthesized, and appraised all meta--analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies reporting on the efficacy of dietary patterns and nutrient supplements in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders in children and adolescents.
METHODS: Systematic research in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was completed on 8 January 2024.
RESULTS: Our research found 24 meta-analyses: 14 on RCTs, 8 on observational studies, and 2 combining both. Emerging evidence suggests that omega-3, in particular eicosapentaenoic acid, and Vitamin D may have adjunctive benefits in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), while no evidence was found for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Observational data also indicated that prenatal folic acid supplementation (>400 μg daily) was associated with a reduced risk of ASD in offspring. In terms of dietary habits, several meta-analyses of observational data revealed that healthy dietary patterns (rich in fruits, vegetables, and fibre, low in saturated fats) during the prenatal period, childhood, and adolescence were linked to a significantly reduced risk of internalizing disorders and externalizing disorders. Conversely, unhealthy dietary habits (high in sugars, saturated animal fats, and industrial foods, low in fruits, vegetables, and fibre) are associated with an elevated risk of these mental health issues. However, the number of available studies on dietary interventions for the treatment of depression, ASD, and ADHD was limited, and the results obtained were either nonsignificant or contradictory.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings emphasize the need to establish clear causal relationships between dietary habits and the risk of mental illness in children and adolescents. Moreover, further investigation of the benefits observed with some nutrient supplements (such as omega-3 and vitamin D for ADHD) through larger-scale RCTs is imperative to establish more robust conclusions.
We investigated the link between nutrition and mental health in children and adolescents through a meta-
review of 24 relevant meta-analyses. Emerging evidence suggests potential benefits of Omega-3 and Vitamin D in treating ADHD, while no evidence supports their effectiveness in ASD. Observational data also indicate that prenatal folic acid supplementation may lower ASD risk. Healthy dietary patterns reduce the risk of internalizing and externalizing disorders, whereas unhealthy habits elevate the risk. Limited studies on dietary interventions for depression, ASD, and ADHD provide inconclusive results. In summary, our results emphasize the need to clearly understand the cause-and-effect relationships between dietary habits and mental health risks in young individuals. Larger-scale randomized controlled trials are essential for confirming the observed benefits of nutrient supplements such as omega-3 and vitamin D in treating ADHD and for forming more reliable conclusions.