Epilepsy accounts for a large part of the global burden of neurological disorders. This review aimed to assess the demographics, clinical characteristics, and management of patients with epilepsy in Saudi Arabia based on studies published from 2018 to 2023. A systematic review was carried out using PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library from January 2018 to January 2023, where key terms related to the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, treatment, and management strategy of epilepsy in Saudi Arabia were used to search for related studies. All relevant articles published in this period in the English language were included, and data about authors, year of the study, sample size, study design, demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and treatment strategy were collected. A male preponderance, a 6-24.9% family history of epilepsy, an equal distribution of focal and tonic-clonic epilepsy, EEG abnormalities of 19.7-70%, and a higher prevalence of monotherapy regimens were the main findings of this review.

Plants are being researched as potential sources of novel drugs, which has led to a recent acceleration in the discovery of new bioactive compounds. Research on tissue culture technology for the synthesis and processing of plant compounds has skyrocketed, surpassing all expectations. These plants can be bought either raw or as extracts, where some of the chemicals are extracted by mashing the plant in water, alcohol, or another solvent. The use of herbal medicine may open new chances for reducing the onset of infections and treating different diseases including cancer. A perennial plant that blooms in the winter, Cyclamen, is one of the most widely used potted flowers in many nations. Alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, sterols, and glycosides are the main active components of Cyclamen. Analgesic, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties have all been demonstrated as potential effects of various extracts of Cyclamen tubers. However, the use of this medicinal plant in official medicine will require further research in the areas of pharmacology. Furthermore, it is necessary to create standard operating procedures for a crude herbal medication. In this regard, this review aims to highlight the key characteristics of the Cyclamen plant, such as its various parts, species, stages of development, and geographic range; pinpoint its intriguing bioactivities, its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and its anti-cancerous effects; and ascertain its potential medicinal uses and the main future perspectives.

UNASSIGNED: The challenges faced by healthcare organizations require effective leaders. Leadership has been extensively studied in medicine and nursing, but it is limited in physiotherapy. The objective of this study is to know and analyze the published research on the characteristics of leadership in physiotherapy.
UNASSIGNED: A scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA extension guidelines. MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, PEDro, Embase, CINAHL, Web Of Science and Scopus databases were reviewed between 01/01/2000 and 30/06/2022.All quantitative studies addressing the characteristics of leadership in physiotherapy were selected. Data extraction was performed using a table including author, year of publication, country of origin, title, objective, measurement instrument, sample and main findings.
UNASSIGNED: The results obtained were framed within the framework for the study of leadership designed by Bolman and Deal.
UNASSIGNED: Eight studies were selected. The characteristics most valued or used by physiotherapists are communication, desire for continuous learning and improvement, credibility and professionalism.
UNASSIGNED: Leadership is very important for physiotherapists, and for physiotherapy, as profession they consider it very important to have vision and to lead change. Communication skills are the most highly regarded characteristic.

BACKGROUND: Medical deserts are considered a problematic issue for many Western countries which try to employ multitude of policies and initiatives to achieve a better distribution of their health workforce (HWF). The aim of this study was to systematically map research and provide an overview of definitions, characteristics, contributing factors and approaches to mitigate medical deserts within the European Union (EU)-funded project \"ROUTE-HWF\" (a Roadmap OUT of mEdical deserts into supportive Health WorkForce initiatives and policies).
METHODS: We performed a scoping review to identify knowledge clusters/research gaps in the field of medical deserts focusing on HWF issues. Six databases were searched till June 2021. Studies reporting primary research from Western countries on definitions, characteristics, contributing factors, and approaches were included. Two independent reviewers assessed studies for eligibility, extracted data and clustered studies according to the four defined outcomes.
RESULTS: Two-hundred and forty studies were included (n=116, 48% Australia/New Zealand; n=105, 44% North America; n=20, 8% Europe). All used observational designs except for five quasi-experimental studies. Studies provided definitions (n=171, 71%), characteristics (n=95, 40%), contributing factors (n=112, 47%), and approaches to mitigate medical deserts (n=87, 36%). Most medical deserts were defined by the density of the population in an area. Contributing factors to HWF issues in medical deserts consisted in work-related (n=55, 23%) and lifestyle-related factors (n=33, 14%) of the HWF as well as sociodemographic characteristics (n=79, 33%). Approaches to mitigate them focused on training adapted to the scope of rural practice (n=67, 28%), HWF distribution (n=3, 1%), support/infrastructure (n=8, 3%) and innovative models of care (n=7, 3%).
CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides the first scoping review that presents and categorizes definitions, characteristics, contributing factors, and approaches to mitigate HWF issues in medical deserts. We identified gaps such as the scarcity of longitudinal studies to investigate the impact of factors contributing to medical deserts, and interventional studies to evaluate the effectiveness of approaches to mitigate HWF issues.

Amyloid nanofibrils (ANFs) are supramolecular polymers originally classified as pathological markers in various human degenerative diseases. However, in recent years, ANFs have garnered greater interest and are regarded as nature-based sustainable biomaterials in environmental science, material engineering, and nanotechnology. On a laboratory scale, ANFs can be produced from food proteins via protein unfolding, misfolding, and hydrolysis. Furthermore, ANFs have specific structural characteristics such as a high aspect ratio, good rigidity, chemical stability, and a controllable sequence. These properties make them a promising functional material in water decontamination research. As a result, the fabrication and application of ANFs and their composites in water purification have recently gained considerable attention. Despite the large amount of literature in this field, there is a lack of systematic review to assess the gap in using ANFs and their composites to remove contaminants from water. This review discusses significant advancements in design techniques as well as the physicochemical properties of ANFs-based composites. We also emphasize the current progress in using ANFs-based composites to remove inorganic, organic, and biological contaminants. The interaction mechanisms between ANFs-based composites and contaminants are also highlighted. Finally, we illustrate the challenges and opportunities associated with the future preparation and application of ANFs-based composites. We anticipate that this review will shed new light on the future design and use of ANFs-based composites.

Carbohydrate-active enzymes are accountable for the synthesis and degradation of glycosidic bonds among diverse carbohydrates. Fructosyl-transferases represent a subclass of these enzymes, employing sucrose as a substrate to generate fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and fructan polymers. This category primarily includes levansucrase (LS, EC 2.4.1.10), inulosucrase (IS, EC 2.4.1.9), and β-fructofuranosidase (Ffase, EC 3.2.1.26). These three enzymes possess a similar five-bladed β-propeller fold and employ an anomer-retaining reaction mechanism mediated by nucleophiles, transition state stabilizers, and general acids/bases. However, they exhibit distinct product profiles, characterized by variations in linkage specificity and molecular mass distribution. Consequently, this article comprehensively explores recent advancements in the catalytic characteristics, structural features, reaction mechanisms, and product specificity of levansucrase, inulosucrase, and β-fructofuranosidase (abbreviated as LS, IS, and Ffase, respectively). Furthermore, it discusses the potential for modifying catalytic properties and product specificity through structure-based design, which enables the rational production of custom fructan and FOS.

BACKGROUND: Lay summaries (LSs) of scientific evidence are critical to sharing research with non-specialist audiences. This scoping review with a consultation exercise aimed to (1) Describe features of the available LS resources; (2) Summarize recommended LS characteristics and content; (3) Outline recommended processes to write a LS; and (4) Obtain stakeholder perspectives on LS characteristics and writing processes.
METHODS: This project was a patient and public partner (PPP)-initiated topic co-led by a PPP and a researcher. The team was supported by three additional PPPs and four researchers. A search of peer-reviewed (Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane libraries, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ERIC and PubMed data bases) and grey literature was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute Methodological Guidance for Scoping Reviews to include any resource that described LS characteristics and writing processes. Two reviewers screened and extracted all resources. Resource descriptions and characteristics were organized by frequency, and processes were inductively analyzed. Nine patient and public partners and researchers participated in three consultation exercise sessions to contextualize the review findings.
RESULTS: Of the identified 80 resources, 99% described characteristics of a LS and 13% described processes for writing a LS. About half (51%) of the resources were published in the last two years. The most recommended characteristics were to avoid jargon (78%) and long or complex sentences (60%). The most frequently suggested LS content to include was study findings (79%). The key steps in writing a LS were doing pre-work, preparing for the target audience, writing, reviewing, finalizing, and disseminating knowledge. Consultation exercise participants prioritized some LS characteristics differently compared to the literature and found many characteristics oversimplistic. Consultation exercise participants generally supported the writing processes found in the literature but suggested some refinements.
CONCLUSIONS: Writing LSs is potentially a growing area, however, efforts are needed to enhance our understanding of important LS characteristics, create resources with and for PPPs, and develop optimal writing processes.
This study was suggested by a patient partner to place attention on the role patient and public partners (PPPs) could play in developing lay summaries. A lay summary (LS) is a summary of a research project written for members of the public, including patients. A lot of information is written about recommendations for LSs, but none of it has been summarized. This study: (1) Pulled together and summarized all existing resources that made recommendations on features of LSs and/or the steps for writing them; and (2) Conducted meetings with people interested in LSs (PPPs and researchers) to gather their perspectives on this summary of resources. The study engaged PPPs in all aspects, including co-leadership. We found 80 resources on LSs. Almost all (95%) of the resources were written by researchers for researchers, with only 18% involving PPPs. The most common recommendations were to avoid jargon (78%) and remove unnecessary and complex words (60%). Only 13% of the resources had information about the steps for writing a LS. People in our meetings did not always agree with the recommended LS characteristics and found them overly simplistic. They felt that identifying and writing for the intended audience of the LS was important, every study should have a LS, PPPs should have the opportunity to be involved, and greater attention should be paid to the steps involved in writing a LS. Lay summary development is a complex, multistep process requiring the inclusion of PPPs for their irreplaceable perspectives and contributions.

Crohn\'s disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the ileum and/or large intestine. At the same time, it can also affect any other part of the human body, i.e., from the mouth to the anus. In Crohn\'s disease, the physiology and functioning of the epithelial barrier are inhibited due to the correlation of various factors, such as the environment, genetic susceptibility or intestinal microbiota. The symptoms are very troublesome and cause a significant reduction in quality of life, sometimes occurring with paralyzing permanent damage to the digestive tract, requiring enteral or parenteral nutrition throughout life. In order to make a proper and accurate diagnosis, an appropriately selected diagnostic path in a given clinical entity is necessary. Standard diagnostic methods are: laboratory examination, histopathological examination, endoscopic examination, X-ray, computed tomography, ultrasound examination and magnetic resonance imaging. Medical biology and the analysis of metalloproteinases have also proved helpful in diagnosing changes occurring as a result of Crohn\'s disease. Here we provide a thorough review of the latest reports on Crohn\'s disease and its genetic conditions, symptoms, morphology, diagnosis (including the analysis of Crohn\'s disease biomarkers, i.e., metalloproteinases) and treatment.

Studying the impact of digital interventions on public health can help ensure that the offered services produce the desired results. In order to address these factors, the subsequent study uses a scope review to evaluate the state of the field while concentrating on ideas and suggestions that represent factors that have been crucial in the management of digital intervention for public health. To shed light on the traits, ideas and suggestions related to public health digital intervention, a scoping review was carried out. Five electronic databases were used to locate pertinent research that were published before February 2022. All texts were examined, and study abstracts were scrutinized to determine their eligibility. The last analysis of this study included fifteen publications; five reviews, four qualitative studies, two quantitative studies, one viewpoint study, one mixed-method study, one perspective study, and one interventional study. The key ideas for digital interventions in population management and health studies are presented in this overview. Many concepts, implementation characteristics and recommendations have been raised which highlight the future role of these interventions to enhance public engagement and health equity.

This paper presents the results from a systematic review on the effectiveness of interventions to reduce Cyberbullying (CB) as a function of their outcomes and main characteristics; and an analysis of the level of completeness to which the characteristics of these interventions are described.
Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ERIC and Psycinfo databases on February 14, 2022. In addition, relevant publications were hand searched for relevant studies. We considered interventions that provided data on CB prevalence changes in populations between primary school and college age.
In total, 111 studies were retained for further screening from 3,477 results. Following rigorous screening, 43 reports including 46 studies and information from 36 different interventions were included in our systematic review. Results shows that most of the interventions measuring reductions in global CB, cyberperpetration/victimization, cybervictimization and cyberperpetration were effective or partially effective. While the interventions measuring reductions in cyber-bystanding were not effective. Multicomponent interventions showed higher effectiveness than single-component interventions. After completion of the TIDieR check-list, included interventions were considered to offer an insufficient level of detail for a number of the analyzed items in relation to \"how well planned,\" \"intervention modifications\" and \"tailoring.\"
Given the aforementioned, it is critical to increase the number of studies and the quality of interventions targeting CB and the level of detail of its description in order to obtain more robust outcomes about how to reduce its prevalence and facilitate the replication of the effective interventions.
https://archive.org/details/osf-registrations-wn5u4-v1, Identifer DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/WN5U4.