UNASSIGNED: Following personalized medicine and the development of e-publishing, a large number of case report-dedicated journals have emerged. But the lack of integrated guidelines is a major obstacle to the quality of this evidence. The purpose of this study is to analyze the reporting requirements of case report-dedicated journals to update and strengthen the CARE guidelines.
UNASSIGNED: Quantitative and qualitative research approach has been done using the content analysis method. All case report-dedicated journals were selected from Scopus (54 out of a total of 68 journals). By referring to these journals\' websites, all the contents of the authors\' guideline section and two sample articles were examined as a unit of analysis. Quantitative data includes frequency and percentile; qualitative data was conducted through open coding, creating categories, and abstraction.
UNASSIGNED: 51% of journals are related to Elsevier and Hindawi publications. 14.8% of journals have been launched in the form of companions. 52% of journals endorse the CARE guidelines. Among the CARE elements, title, consent form (100%), discussion, abstract (94.4%), and introduction (90.7%) had the most frequent elements, and timeline and patients\' perspective had the least repetition in the authors\' guideline. Also, 19 new reporting elements and 27 types of case reports were identified.
UNASSIGNED: Improving the reporting and content quality of case reports is very important to benefit from knowledge synthesis services. Medical journals publishing case reports should follow a more integrated process. An updated version of reporting guidelines needs to be available for publishers and editors of journals.

Case reports play a key role in showcasing new, unusual or rare disease(s), and the impact of newer therapeutic approaches or interventions. The Preferred Reporting Items for Case reports in Endodontics (PRICE) 2020 guidelines are being introduced exclusively for Endodontics by adapting and integrating the CAse REport (CARE) guidelines and Clinical and Laboratory Images in Publications principles. The PRICE 2020 guidelines have been developed to help authors improve the completeness, accuracy and transparency of case reports in Endodontics and thus enhance the standard of manuscripts submitted for publication. The aim of this document is to provide a comprehensive explanation for each item in the PRICE 2020 checklist along with examples from the literature that demonstrate compliance with these guidelines. This information will highlight the importance of each item and provide practical examples to help authors understand the necessity of providing comprehensive information when preparing case reports. A link to this PRICE 2020 explanation and elaboration document is available on the Preferred Reporting Items for study Designs in Endodontology website at http://www.pride-endodonticguidelines.org.

Case reports can provide early information about new, unusual or rare disease(s), newer treatment strategies, improved therapeutic benefits and adverse effects of interventions or medications. This paper describes the process that led to the development of the Preferred Reporting Items for Case reports in Endodontics (PRICE) 2020 guidelines through a consensus-based methodology. A steering committee was formed with eight members (PD, VN, BC, PM, PS, EP, JJ and SP), including the project leaders (PD, VN). The steering committee developed an initial checklist by combining and modifying the items from the Case Report (CARE) guidelines and Clinical and Laboratory Images in Publications (CLIP) principles. A PRICE Delphi Group (PDG) and PRICE Face-to-Face Meeting Group (PFMG) were then formed. The members of the PDG were invited to participate in an online Delphi process to achieve consensus on the wording and utility of the checklist items and the accompanying flow chart that was created to complement the PRICE 2020 guidelines. The revised PRICE checklist and flow chart developed by the online Delphi process was discussed by the PFMG at a meeting held during the 19th European Society of Endodontology (ESE) Biennial Congress in Vienna, Austria, in September 2019. Following the meeting, the steering committee created a final version of the guidelines, which were piloted by several authors during the writing of a case report. In order to help improve the clarity, completeness and quality of case reports in Endodontics, we encourage authors to use the PRICE 2020 guidelines.

BACKGROUND: Health research reporting guidelines for case reports (CARE - CAse REport) published in 2013 and 2017 have become a generally accepted standard for publishing case reports. The CARE guidelines represent an architectural framework for writing an evidence-based case report that can be customized as need for a specialty (or disease) if needed. We aim to develop a CARE guideline extension for acupuncture following the EQUATOR Network (Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research) and the 2010″Guidance for Developers of Health Research Reporting\". We have established a group of international experts including; clinicians, researchers and methodologists. We performed a needs assessment based on a review of acupuncture case reports published in the indexed medical literature. The needs assessment will be followed by (1) a series of expert interviews to establish a draft, (2) a modified Delphi process, and (3) a consensus meeting. Following the consensus meeting we will pilot test the CARE draft before publishing the CARE extension for acupuncture.
METHODS: We will develop the CARE extensions for acupuncture following recommendations of the EQUATOR Network and the 2010 \"Guidance for Developers of Health Research Reporting\". We will establish an international multidisciplinary group including clinical practitioners, acupuncturists, researchers of reporting guidelines on acupuncture, clinical epidemiologists and statisticians. We performed a needs assessment, reviewing published case reports using acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention from indexed medical journals (PubMed-PMC and Medline, Scopus, Embase, the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Wan Fang database, Chinese BioMedicine database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and VIP). In consultations with advisors we will develop a draft of potential items to be included in the CARE extension for acupuncture. Then we will conduct a modified Delphi process of at least three rounds, hold a face-to-face consensus meeting, pilot test and submit the CARE extension for acupuncture for publication.
CONCLUSIONS: The development of a widely accepted CARE extension for acupuncture for case reports published in indexed medical journals. These guidelines will follow the EQUATOR Network recommendations and the 2010 \"Guidance for Developers of Health Research Reporting\".

UNASSIGNED: Toward improving the reporting quality of clinical case reports in the Saudi Journal of Anesthesia, we conducted this audit. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the different objectives for clinical case reports and to identify those subordinate items which seem most relevant from the CAse REport (CARE) checklist.
UNASSIGNED: We performed this pilot study on clinical case reports published in the Saudi Journal of Anesthesia (SJA) in the past 5 years from 2013 to 2017. The journal publishes 4 issues/year that means 20 issues were studied. We used one online source to gather the clinical case reports which is the SJA website. A total of 84 case reports were studied. We have applied the 13th items in the CARE checklist on the case reports to determine their representations. Two reviewers abstracted data from all included papers to determine the adaptation of the CARE checklist. Data are presented as percentages of different subordinate items of the CARE guidelines.
UNASSIGNED: None of the 84 case reports met all subordinate items of CARE guidelines, and only 5 subordinate items were reported fully met (100%). Patient perspective subordinate item was not mentioned in our series due to lack of data in the studied case reports. Therefore, only 12 subordinate items were included. We reported those adaptation percentages of the 12th subordinate items of the CARE checklist as follows: (a) title, keywords, abstract patient\'s biodata, and conclusion 100%; (b) main symptoms of the patients 97.6%; (c) timeline 78.5%; (d) diagnosis 94.0%; (e) treatment 97.6%; (f) strengths 85.7%; (g) literature review 94.0%; and (h) patient consent 33.4%.
UNASSIGNED: We believe that the CAse REport guidelines can provide an international framework for the authors to follow in writing their case reports and for the editors to use to ensure the completeness and readiness of the peer-reviewed case reports for publication. For the SJA, we have to apply the CARE checklist and to ensure all subordinate items are adapted including the patient\'s perspective subordinate item and to make sure that the consent form obtained and accompanied each submitted case reports.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reporting characteristics of case reports of acupuncture therapy with CAse Report (CARE) guidelines, and to explore the applicability of the guidelines for these case reports.
METHODS: Case reports published from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2013, were identified by searching PubMed and the China Biomedicine Database by using MeSH terms. Screening and data extraction of case reports were conducted by two independent researchers. Assessments based on CARE guidelines and data analysis were conducted by using Excel 2003 and RevMan 5.0.
RESULTS: A total of 61 case reports published in 19 journals were identified, which involved 16 major types of diseases. Fifteen (24.6%) case reports declared no conflict of interests, and 5 (8.2%) reported funding sources. None of these case reports met all items of CARE guidelines, and only 6 subordinate items were fully reported among 50% of the case reports. Subgroup analysis indicated that case reports published in English or those that did not have competing interests had higher reporting quality.
CONCLUSIONS: The reporting quality of case reports of acupuncture therapy is rather low. The reason might be a lack of awareness among authors and the poor dissemination of information regarding CARE guidelines in China. More evaluation studies are needed to promote and improve adherence to CARE guidelines. Moreover, an extended version of CARE guidelines should be developed for cases reports of special interventions such as acupuncture or adverse events caused by interventions.

BACKGROUND: The SCARE guideline was developed in 2016 through an expert Delphi consensus exercise. It aimed to improve the quality of reporting of surgical case reports. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of introducing the SCARE guideline for surgical on reporting of case reports submitted to a single journal.
METHODS: A total of 20 case reports published in the International Journal of Surgery Case Reports (IJSCR) and Annals of Medicine and Surgery (AMS) in July and August 2016, prior to the introduction of the SCARE guideline (the pre-SCARE period), were randomly identified and scored against the SCARE criteria. Two independent teams performed the scoring giving a total score out of a theoretical maximum of 34 for each case report, the \'SCARE score\' (expressed as a percentage). The scores for the two teams were then compared and consensus was reached to achieve a final sore set. This process was repeated for the January and February 2017 issues of the journal, post implementation of the guideline (the post-SCARE period). SCARE scores were compared between the pre- and post-SCARE periods.
RESULTS: The mean pre-SCARE score was 75.0% (standard deviation ± 6.29, Range 62-84), and the mean post-SCARE score was 82.6% (standard deviation ± 8.02, range 66-99), a 10% relative increase in compliance which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The Cohen\'s Kappa score between teams A and B was 0.871, implying very substantial agreement.
CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of the SCARE guideline resulted in a 10% improvement in the reporting quality of surgical case reports published in a single journal. Adherence to SCARE reporting guidelines by authors, reviewers and editors should be improved to boost reporting quality. Journals should develop their policies, submission processes and guide for authors to incorporate the guideline.