这篇叙述性综述描述了基因组特征，血清分型,免疫原性,肺炎链球菌荚膜多糖(CPS)疫苗的研制。CPS是肺炎链球菌的主要毒力因子。肺炎链球菌CPS的基因组特征,包括生物合成基因的作用和cps（荚膜多糖）基因座内可能导致血清型替代的遗传变异仍在研究中。已经通过使用表型和基因型方法的各种血清分型方法鉴定了肺炎链球菌的一百种独特血清型。每种方法的优点和局限性都是多种多样的，强调需要准确和全面的血清分型，以进行有效的疾病监测和疫苗靶向。此外,我们通过提供免疫原性概述来阐述CPS在疫苗开发中的关键作用，正在进行的肺炎球菌疫苗研究，以及对疾病负担的影响。
This narrative
review describes genomic characteristic, serotyping, immunogenicity, and vaccine development of Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide (CPS). CPS is a primary virulence factor of S. pneumoniae. The genomic characteristics of S. pneumoniae CPS, including the role of biosynthetic gene and genetic variation within cps (capsule polysaccharide) locus which may lead to serotype replacement are still being investigated. One hundred unique serotypes of S. pneumoniae have been identified through various methods of serotyping using phenotypic and genotypic approach. The advantages and limitations of each method are various, emphasizing the need for accurate and comprehensive serotyping for effective disease surveillance and vaccine targeting. In addition, we elaborate the critical role of CPS in vaccine development by providing an overview of immunogenicity, ongoing research of pneumococcal vaccines, and the impact on disease burden.
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