Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs) are benign, slow-growing, noninvasive tumors frequently associated with the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). The tumor\'s location and the patient\'s age should be considered carefully before diagnosis. Considering SEGA as a differential diagnosis, even in adult patients without TSC, is essential. In the present case, a 22-year-old male presented with a progressive headache, dizziness, and blurring of vision. Radiological investigations confirmed the site of the tumor, and a positive expression of thyroid transcription factor 1 in the ganglion cell component, along with the absence of germline mutation in TSC1 and TSC2, led to the final diagnosis of SEGA without TSC.

Meningiomas are common brain tumors that are classified as either benign, atypical, or malignant. This case involves a 75-year-old woman with a medical history of ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes. She was diagnosed with an atypical meningioma while being evaluated for symptoms related to a stroke. Upon her presentation at the hospital, the patient displayed symptoms such as loss of motor function on the right side of her body, weakness, dysphagia, and aphasia, indicating a possible stroke. Imaging tests confirmed both the stroke symptoms and the presence of an atypical meningioma. The primary focus of her treatment was addressing the stroke symptoms. Despite being asymptomatic for the meningioma, the patient opted for conservative treatment and declined invasive procedures. Her decision was respected, and a plan was put in place for regular monitoring and counseling regarding the meningioma. This case emphasizes the significance of tailored treatment decisions in complicated clinical situations involving incidental brain tumors.

A spayed, 8-year-old female Poodle, weighing 5.7 kg, was presented with the chief complaint of vision impairment. Vision assessment, including pupillary light reflexes, menace response, dazzle reflex, and maze navigation in photopic and scotopic circumstances, revealed a negative response in both eyes except for positive direct pupillary light reflex in the right eye and positive consensual pupillary light reflex from the right eye to the left eye. Systemic evaluation, including neurologic status, blood profile, and thoracic radiographs, did not reveal any abnormalities. Complete ophthalmic examinations, ocular ultrasonography, and electroretinography did not identify a cause of blindness. Upon funduscopy, the left eye exhibited an increased optic disk diameter, blurred optic disk borders, and loss of the physiologic pit, as well as an increase in vascular tortuosity. In the right eye, there were multifocal depigmented areas in the non-tapetal fundus and several pigmented spots surrounded by a region of dull tapetal reflection in the tapetal fundus. The optical coherence tomography revealed severe anterior deformation of the optic nerve head and Bruch\'s membrane in the peripapillary region of the left eye. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an irregular, broad-based suprasellar mass, with features suggestive of intracranial hypertension, including dorsal displacement of third ventricles, a rightward shift of the falx cerebri, trans-tentorial herniation, perilesional edema, flattening/protrusion of the posterior sclera, and lager optic nerve sheath diameter in left side than right side. This is the first comprehensive report that describes unilateral papilledema in a dog with a brain tumor, using advanced ophthalmic and neuro-imaging modalities.

UNASSIGNED: Intracranial RDD is rare medical event mimicking different diagnoses. Although the surgical resection is the best treatment option, but radiation therapy can also achieves long-term suboptimal outcomes.
UNASSIGNED: An 83-year-old male with a history of tension-type headaches was evaluated. He was conscious with no focal neurological deficits. His brain MRI revealed an enhancable bifrontal tumor originating from falx cerebri and superior sagittal sinus dura. Due to the patient\'s preference and decline for gross total resection, she underwent a stereotactic biopsy. The pathology was positive for Rosai-Dorfman diseases. He received definitive targeted radiation with a total dose of 4500 cGy administered in 200 cGy daily fractions. His 4-year follow-up showed regional tumor control with excellent neurological outcome.

BACKGROUND: ETMR is a unique and highly malignant brain tumor mostly occurring in infants. This report provides a comprehensive overview of the clinical presentation, histological aspects, radiological features, and therapeutic options of ETMR. Being the first report on the co-occurrence of NF1 with ETMR, it highlight the challenges of managing a patient with complex medical conditions.
METHODS: We present a case of a 3 and 1/2-year-old girl with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), later diagnosed with a supratentorial brain tumor reported as an embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR), along with possible co-occurrence of constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) on immunohistochemistry (IHC); however, germline testing was not performed. Even though NF1 can be associated with tumors such as gliomas, the literature has no previous case reports of ETMR coexisting with NF1.
CONCLUSIONS: Exploring the link between NF1 and ETMR with CMMRD is crucial to improving and establishing more treatment protocols. Therefore, reporting each case\'s unique features would be essential in developing appropriate treatment protocols.

Pallister-Killian syndrome (PKS; OMIM #601803) is a rare genetic disorder typically characterized by developmental delay, seizures, sparse temporal hair, and facial dysmorphisms. PKS is most frequently caused by mosaic supernumerary isochromosome 12p. Here, we report a 27-month-old girl with a prenatal diagnosis of PKS and a histopathological diagnosis of pineocytoma.

OBJECTIVE: Robot-assisted biopsies have gained popularity in the last years. Most robotic procedures are performed with a floor-based robotic arm. Recently, Medtronic Stealth Autoguide, a miniaturized robotic arm that work together with an optical neuronavigation system, was launched. Its application in pediatric cases is relatively unexplored. In this study, we retrospectively report our experience using the Stealth Autoguide, for frameless stereotactic biopsies in pediatric patients.
METHODS: Pediatric patients who underwent stereotactic biopsy using the Stealth Autoguide cranial robotic platform from July 2020 to May 2023 were included in this study. Clinical, neuroradiological, surgical, and histological data were collected and analyzed.
RESULTS: Nineteen patients underwent 20 procedures (mean age was 9-year-old, range 1-17). In four patients, biopsy was part of a more complex surgical procedure (laser interstitial thermal therapy - LITT). The most common indication was diffuse intrinsic brain stem tumor, followed by diffuse supratentorial tumor. Nine procedures were performed in prone position, eight in supine position, and three in lateral position. Facial surface registration was adopted in six procedures, skull-fixed fiducials in 14. The biopsy diagnostic tissue acquisition rate was 100% in the patients who underwent only biopsy, while in the biopsy/LITT group, one case was not diagnostic. No patients developed clinically relevant postoperative complications.
CONCLUSIONS: The Stealth Autoguide system has proven to be safe, diagnostic, and highly accurate in performing stereotactic biopsies for both supratentorial and infratentorial lesions in the pediatric population.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive primary brain tumor that primarily affects adults, with cases in children being extremely rare. Gross total resection with subsequent irradiation and temozolomide, currently delivering the greatest overall survival, is the mainstay of therapy for juvenile GBM. Maximal surgical excision of the visible tumor mass has been shown to have a positive prognostic effect, but radiation concerns for growing brains and inconsistent results from different chemotherapy regimens in pediatric GBM make treatment choices for young patients challenging. Here, we report a case of GBM in an 11-year-old female child who presented with a dramatic presentation of neurologic deficits and clinical worsening due to rapid tumor growth.

This study aimed to examine the association between risk of brain tumors and radiofrequency (RF) exposure from mobile phones among young people in Korea and Japan.
This case-control study of brain tumors in young people was conducted in Korea and Japan under the framework of the international MOBI-Kids study. We included 118 patients diagnosed with brain tumors between 2011 and 2015 and 236 matched appendicitis controls aged 10-24 years. Information on mobile phone use was collected through face-to-face interviews. A detailed RF exposure algorithm, based on the MOBI-Kids algorithm and modified to account for the specificities of Japanese and Korean phones and networks, was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) for total cumulative specific energy using conditional logistic regression.
The adjusted ORs in the highest tertile of cumulative call time at 1 year before the reference date were 1.61 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72-3.60) for all brain tumors and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.16-3.03) for gliomas, with no indication of a trend with exposure. The ORs for glioma specifically, were below 1 in the lowest exposure category.
This study provided no evidence of a causal association between mobile phone use and risk of brain tumors as a whole or of glioma specifically. Further research will be required to evaluate the impact of newer technologies of communication in the future.

Meningiomas have a high frequency of occurrence as primary intracranial tumors. We report the case of a 16-year-old female who presented with a three-week history of persistent headache, vomiting, and photophobia. Imaging studies revealed the presence of a meningioma in the right occipital lobe of the brain. The patient underwent surgical resection, and histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of an atypical WHO grade 2 meningioma. The patient experienced a significant improvement in her symptoms postoperatively and had no evidence of recurrence on follow-up imaging. This case highlights the importance of considering meningioma in the differential diagnosis of relatively young patients presenting with chronic headaches, and the favorable prognosis associated with atypical WHO grade 2 meningiomas following complete surgical resection.