本文旨在系统地回顾有关体格运动员的案例研究,以评估身体成分测量的纵向变化,神经肌肉表现,慢性激素水平,生理适应,和赛前准备期间的心理测量结果。我们纳入了以下研究:(1)在竞赛周期的赛前阶段被归类为涉及体格运动员的案例研究;(2)将成年人(18岁以上)作为参与者;(3)在英语同行评审期刊上发表;(4)赛前持续时间至少为3个月;(5)报告了与身体组成指标有关的竞赛准备变化(脂肪量,瘦质量,和骨矿物质密度),神经肌肉表现(力量和力量),慢性激素水平(睾酮,雌激素,皮质醇,瘦素,和ghrelin),生理适应(最大有氧能力,静息能量消耗,心率,血压,月经功能,和睡眠质量),和/或心理测量结果(情绪状态和食物欲望)。我们的审查最终包括11个案例研究,其中包括15名表面上无毒品的运动员(男性=8,女性=7),他们参加了包括健美在内的各种以体质为导向的比赛。图,还有比基尼.结果表明,在分析的结果中,有明显的变化,有时具有高度的个体间变异性和不同的性别特异性反应。本文讨论了这些发现的复杂性和含义。
The present paper aimed to systematically review
case studies on physique athletes to evaluate longitudinal changes in measures of body composition, neuromuscular performance, chronic hormonal levels, physiological adaptations, and psychometric outcomes during pre-contest preparation. We included studies that (1) were classified as
case studies involving physique athletes during the pre-contest phase of their competitive cycle; (2) involved adults (18+ years of age) as participants; (3) were published in an English-language peer-reviewed journal; (4) had a pre-contest duration of at least 3 months; (5) reported changes across contest preparation relating to measures of body composition (fat mass, lean mass, and bone mineral density), neuromuscular performance (strength and power), chronic hormonal levels (testosterone, estrogen, cortisol, leptin, and ghrelin), physiological adaptations (maximal aerobic capacity, resting energy expenditure, heart rate, blood pressure, menstrual function, and sleep quality), and/or psychometric outcomes (mood states and food desire). Our review ultimately included 11
case studies comprising 15 ostensibly drug-free athletes (male = 8, female = 7) who competed in various physique-oriented divisions including
bodybuilding, figure, and bikini. The results indicated marked alterations across the array of analyzed outcomes, sometimes with high inter-individual variability and divergent sex-specific responses. The complexities and implications of these findings are discussed herein.