从患者来源的细胞创建脑组织的三维(3D)模型的能力,将为研究癫痫和精神分裂症等疾病的神经病理学开辟新的可能性。虽然类器官培养提供了令人印象深刻的患者特异性模型的例子,有组织的3D结构的生成仍然是一个挑战。3D生物打印是一种快速发展的技术,封装在合适的生物墨水基质中,被打印以形成3D结构。3D生物打印可以提供3D组织神经元群体的能力,通过逐层沉积,从而概括了神经组织的复杂性。然而,打印神经元细胞提出了特殊的挑战,因为生物材料环境必须具有适当的柔软度,以允许神经突延伸,这是建造自支撑三维结构所厌恶的特性。这里,我们回顾了神经元的3D生物打印,包括硬件和生物墨水配方要求的关键讨论。
The ability to create three-dimensional (3D) models of brain tissue from patient-derived cells, would open new possibilities in studying the neuropathology of disorders such as epilepsy and schizophrenia. While organoid culture has provided impressive examples of patient-specific models, the generation of organised 3D structures remains a challenge. 3D bioprinting is a rapidly developing technology where living cells, encapsulated in suitable
bioink matrices, are printed to form 3D structures. 3D bioprinting may provide the capability to organise neuronal populations in 3D, through layer-by-layer deposition, and thereby recapitulate the complexity of neural tissue. However, printing neuron cells raises particular challenges since the biomaterial environment must be of appropriate softness to allow for the neurite extension, properties which are anathema to building self-supporting 3D structures. Here, we review the topic of 3D bioprinting of neurons, including critical discussions of hardware and bio-ink formulation requirements.