未经证实:面神经损伤后的麻痹性面部联合运动产生功能障碍和模仿缺陷,还有患者的美容和非运动心理障碍。这些患者通常具有高的和持续的高康复动机。目的是告知受影响的患者及其治疗专业人员(耳鼻喉科医生-头颈外科医生;口腔颌面外科医生,整形外科医生,神经外科医生,神经学家,和模仿治疗师,无论是言语和语言治疗还是基于物理治疗),并为诊断和面部联合运动的逐步系统治疗方法提供实用建议。
未经评估:在第一阶段,从2008年开始,在PubMed和ScienceDirect上对该主题进行了系统的文献检索,共发表了132篇文章。这些是审查的基础,并就最重要的诊断测试和治疗方案发表了一系列全面的共识声明。在第二阶段,在就所有建议达成最终协议之前,国际头颈科学小组成员之间分发了一篇共识文章。
UNASSIGNED:诊断应包括使用经过验证的临床分级仪器和针对患者报告的预后指标对综合征程度进行标准化评估。面部联合运动的治疗包括主要基于面部生物反馈再训练的面部训练,肉毒杆菌毒素化学去神经,选择性神经切除术,肌切除术,以及这些选项的任何组合处理。
UNASSIGNED:对联合运动的病理机制的基本了解对于了解治疗策略至关重要。需要对同质症状和个体同质运动模式进行标准化评估。一线治疗是面部训练,其次是肉毒杆菌毒素.手术保留给一线治疗不满意的个别病例。
UNASSIGNED: Post-paralytic facial synkinesis after facial nerve injury produces functional disabilities and mimetic deficits, but also cosmetic and non-motor psychosocial impairments for the patients. These patients typically have a high and continuous high motivation for rehabilitation. The aim is to inform the affected patients and their therapeutic professionals (otorhinolaryngologist - head and neck surgeons; oral-maxillofacial surgeons, plastic and reconstructive surgeons, neurosurgeons, neurologists, and mime therapists be it speech and language therapy- or physiotherapy-based) and to provide practical recommendations for diagnostics and a stepwise systematic treatment approach of facial synkinesis.
UNASSIGNED: In the first phase, a systematic literature search on the topic in PubMed and ScienceDirect starting in 2008 resulted in 132 articles. These were the basis for the
review and a comprehensive series of consensus statements on the most important diagnostic tests and treatment options. In the second phase, one consensus article circulated among the membership of the International Head and Neck Scientific Group until a final agreement was reached for all recommendations.
UNASSIGNED: Diagnostics should include a standardized assessment of the degree of synkinesis using validated clinician-graded instruments and synkinesis-specific patient-reported outcome measures. Treatments for facial synkinesis include facial training mainly based on facial biofeedback retraining, chemodenervation with botulinum toxin, selective neurectomy, myectomy, and any combination treatment of these options.
UNASSIGNED: A basic understanding of the pathomechanisms of synkinesis is essential to understand the treatment strategies. A standardized assessment of the synkinetic symptoms and the individual synkinesis pattern is needed. The first-line treatment is facial training, followed by botulinum toxin. Surgery is reserved for individual cases with unsatisfactory first-line treatment.