红藻酵母是居住在红树林中的酵母。适应极端的环境变化,这些酵母具有在生物勘探潜力方面所期望的特征。酵母已成功地从红树林生态系统中的不同微生境中分离出来,包括植被,水,沉积物,和无脊椎动物。已发现它们在沉积物和水中最丰富。与以前的假设不同,芒草酵母是高度多样化的。属于门子囊的酵母在红树林生态系统中比担子菌更常见。念珠菌,隐球菌,去细菌,Geotrichum,克鲁维酵母,红霉素,酵母菌,和毕赤酵母属是一些主要的酵母属,在分布上是世界性的。红树林中还发现了新物种酵母,例如Vishniacozymachanhuana和V.Taiwanica。本文提供了用于锰酵母培养的分离和鉴定方法的汇编。还引入了独立于培养的方法来了解酵母多样性。已经强调了红藻酵母的生物勘探潜力,其中包括酶,木糖醇,生物燃料,单细胞油,抗癌剂,抗菌药物,和生物表面活性剂。红藻酵母也可用作生物防治剂,生物修复剂,单细胞蛋白,食物和饲料,和免疫刺激剂。我们对红树林酵母的多样性和经济前景的了解有限,并且很可能会保留下来,因为红树林正在迅速消失。因此,这篇评论试图深入了解这些方面。
Manglicolous yeasts are those that inhabit mangroves. Being adapted to survive extreme environmental variations, these yeasts possess traits that are desirable in terms of bioprospecting potential. Yeasts have been successfully isolated from different microhabitats within the mangrove ecosystem, including vegetation, water, sediments, and invertebrates. They have been found to be most abundant in sediments and water. Manglicolous yeasts are highly diverse unlike previously assumed. Yeasts belonging to the phyla
Ascomycetes are more common in mangrove ecosystems than Basidiomycetes. Candida, Cryptococcus, Debaryomyces, Geotrichum, Kluyveromyces, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces, and Pichia were some of the dominant yeast genera which are cosmopolitan in distribution. New species yeasts such as Vishniacozyma changhuana and V.taiwanica are also known from mangroves. A compilation of isolation and identification methods employed for manglicolous yeast culture is provided in this
review. Culture-independent approaches to understanding yeast diversities have also been introduced. The bioprospecting potentials of manglicolous yeasts have been highlighted these include enzymes, xylitol, biofuel, single-cell oil, anti-cancer agents, antimicrobials, and biosurfactants. Manglicolous yeast also finds application as biocontrol agents, bio-remediators, single-cell proteins, food and feed, and immunostimulants. Our knowledge of the diversity and economical prospects of manglicolous yeasts is limited and likely to remain so as mangroves are disappearing fast. Therefore, this
review is an attempt to give insight into these aspects.