UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of calcitonin (CT) in animal models of experimental osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as new stabilized CT formulations are currently being introduced.
UNASSIGNED: A comprehensive and systemic literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase databases to identify articles with original data on CT treatment of preclinical OA and RA. Methodological quality was assessed using the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation\'s risk of bias tool for animal intervention studies. To provide summary estimates of efficacy, a meta-analysis was conducted for outcomes reported in four or more studies, using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were employed to correct for study specifics.
UNASSIGNED: Twenty-six studies were ultimately evaluated and data from 16 studies could be analyzed in the meta-analysis, which included the following outcomes: bone mineral density, bone volume, levels of cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen, histopathological arthritis score, and mechanical allodynia. For all considered outcome parameters, CT-treated groups were significantly superior to control groups (P = 0.002; P = 0.01; P < 0.00001; P < 0.00001; P = 0.04). For most outcomes, effect sizes were significantly greater in OA than in RA (P ≤ 0.025). High in-between study heterogeneity was detected.
UNASSIGNED: There is preclinical evidence for an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, cartilage- and bone-protective effect of CT in RA and OA. Given these effects, CT presents a promising agent for the treatment of both diseases, although the potential seems to be greater in OA.

Many people with pain from osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee are either not ready for surgery or may never be surgical candidates. Genicular artery embolization (GAE) is a new proposed management for those with pain despite maximum medical management. It has historically been used to manage recurrent spontaneous haemarthrosis following total knee replacement, but newer studies are showing a positive effect in managing pre-arthroplasty knee OA. The goal of this review is to summarise current and relevant literature from searches of computerised databases and relevant journals, and analyse their results. Studies included show that GAE has promising outcomes in managing mild to moderate OA knee pain in those who have exhausted at least 3 months of conservative therapy. Most studies show improvements in VAS pain and PROM scores (including KOOS, and/or WOMAC). Minimal adverse effects have been associated in up to two years of follow up, the majority of which are self-resolving. The article précises a concise general procedural technique for performing GAE, as well as comparing and contrasting different embolic agents that may be utilised. GAE shows promising outcomes in management of mild to moderate OA knee pain. In the future, there will need to be higher volume studies to determine effectiveness, suitable candidates, and other potential adverse effects.

The emerging field of nanotechnology has paved the way for revolutionary advancements in drug delivery systems, with nanosystems emerging as a promising avenue for enhancing the therapeutic potential and the stability of various bioactive compounds. Among these, cannabidiol (CBD), the non-psychotropic compound of the Cannabis sativa plant, has gained attention for its therapeutic properties. Consequently, researchers have devoted significant efforts to unlock the full potential of CBD\'s clinical benefits, where various nanosystems and excipients have emerged to overcome challenges associated with its bioavailability, stability, and controlled release for its transdermal application. Therefore, this comprehensive review aims to explain CBD\'s role in managing acute inflammatory pain and offers an overview of the state of the art of existing delivery systems and excipients for CBD. To summarize this review, a summary of the cannabinoids and therapeutical targets of CBD will be discussed, followed by its conventional modes of administration. The transdermal route of administration and the current topical and transdermal delivery systems will also be reviewed. This review will conclude with an overview of in vivo techniques that allow the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic potentials of these systems.

BACKGROUND: An update on the knowledge regarding the orthopedic/orthodontic role in treating JIA-related dentofacial deformities is relevant.
OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to assess the level of evidence regarding the management of dentofacial deformity from juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) with orthodontics and/or dentofacial orthopedics.
METHODS: The following databases were searched without time or language restrictions up to 31 January 2024 (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, Web of Science, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature).
METHODS: Inclusion criteria were studies dealing with JIA subjects receiving treatment with orthodontic and/or dentofacial orthopedic functional appliances.
METHODS: After the removal of duplicate studies, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment according to ROBINS-I guidelines were conducted. Data extraction was conducted by two independent authors.
RESULTS: The electronic database search identified 397 eligible articles after the removal of duplicates. Following the application of the pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 articles were left for inclusion. Two trials were associated with a severe risk of bias, four trials were at moderate risk of bias, and the other five presented a low risk of bias. Various research groups employed and documented the effects of different types of appliances and methodologies. The study heterogeneity did not allow for meta-analyses. In addition, a lack of uniformity in treatment objectives was observed across the included studies. After treatment with dentofacial orthopedics skeletal improvement was demonstrated in 10 studies, and a decrease in orofacial signs and symptoms was reported in 7 studies.
CONCLUSIONS: Across the available literature, there is minor evidence to suggest that dentofacial orthopedics may be beneficial in the management of dentofacial deformities from JIA. There is little evidence to suggest that it can reduce orofacial signs and symptoms in patients with JIA. Based on current evidence, it is not possible to outline clinical recommendations for specific aspects of orthopedic management in growing subjects with JIA-related dentofacial deformity.
BACKGROUND: PROSPERO (CRD42023390746).

UNASSIGNED: Septic arthritis of any joint is an orthopaedic emergency which requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. The knee is the commonest joint afflicted, and the primary objective of any treatment is complete source control. This commonly takes the form of antibiotic therapy and a washout of the infected joint by means of arthroscopy or arthrotomy. The primary aim of this review is to investigate if arthroscopic washout for native knee septic arthritis confers a lower risk of repeat procedure than arthrotomy.
UNASSIGNED: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted of the MEDLINE, SCOPUS and the Cochrane Library data bases. The primary outcome of interest was requirement for repeat washout with all-cause complications, length of inpatient stay and mortality secondary outcomes.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 17,140 subjects were included for analysis of the primary outcome, and the overall rate of repeat procedure was 14.6%. No statistical difference was found between arthroscopy and arthrotomy for repeat washout (risk ratio 0.86 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.72-1.02], I 2 = 36%). Eligible studies found in favour of arthroscopy for all-cause complication rate (risk ratio 0.75 [95% CI: 0.6-0.93], I 2 = 84%) and length of stay in hospital (mean difference -1.98 days [95% CI: -3.43 to -0.53], I 2 = 84%). No statistical difference was found for the mortality rate (risk ratio 1.17 [95% CI: 0.52-2.63], I 2 = 57%).
UNASSIGNED: Our analysis found arthroscopy and open arthrotomy to be equivocal for repeat surgical washout in native knee septic arthritis. All-cause complication rate and length of inpatient stay were favourable for arthroscopy with no difference noted between mortality rates.
UNASSIGNED: Level III.

This comprehensive exploration delves into the multifaceted attributes of quercetin, a flavonoid with extensive health-promoting potential. The review navigates through its fundamental properties, encompassing its chemical structure, classification as a flavonoid, and its natural prevalence in various sources. Addressing solubility, stability, and bioavailability challenges, the investigation delves into innovative isolation techniques, including solvent extraction, solid-phase extraction, natural deep eutectic solvents, supercritical fluid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, column chromatography, and high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Transitioning into pharmacological implications, the study unveils quercetin\'s roles in anti-inflammatory pathways, antioxidant effects, and immune modulation, reflecting its versatile significance in health management. The review highlights its impact on wound healing processes and its potential to mitigate arthritis, elucidating its holistic contributions. Culminating in an exploration of recent studies, the analysis underscores quercetin\'s remarkable anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritis activities, reflecting its substantial potential across various ailments. The review concludes by projecting future trajectories, emphasizing prospects for an advanced understanding of quercetin\'s mechanisms, sustainable extraction techniques, clinical integration, and exploration of synergistic combinations. Collectively, this review investigation underscores quercetin\'s dynamic role at the intersection of natural compounds and medicinal applications, offering profound implications for well- being and health enhancement.

Background: Although osteoarthritis (OA) development is epidemiologically multifactorial, a primary underlying mechanism is still under debate. Understanding the pathophysiology of OA remains challenging. Recently, experts have focused on autophagy as a contributor to OA development. Method: To better understand the pathogenesis of OA, we survey the literature on the role of autophagy and the molecular mechanisms of OA development. To identify relevant studies, we used controlled vocabulary and free text keywords to search the MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and SCOPUS database. Thirty-one studies were included for data extraction and systematic review. Among these studies, twenty-five studies investigated the effects of autophagy in aging and OA chondrocytes, six studies examined the effects of autophagy in normal human chondrocytes, and only one study investigated the effects of mechanical stress-induced autophagy on the development of OA in normal chondrocytes. Results: The studies suggest that autophagy activation prevents OA by exerting cell-protective effects in normal human chondrocytes. However, in aging and osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes, the role of autophagy is intricate, as certain studies indicate that stimulating autophagy in these cells can have a cytotoxic effect, while others propose that it may have a protective (cytoprotective) effect against damage or degeneration. Conclusions: Mechanical stress-induced autophagy is also thought to be involved in the development of OA, but further research is required to identify the precise mechanism. Thus, autophagy contributions should be interpreted with caution in aging and the types of OA cartilage.

OBJECTIVE: To summarise current data regarding the use of imaging in crystal-induced arthropathies (CiAs) informing a European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology task force.
METHODS: We performed four systematic searches in Embase, Medline and Central on imaging for diagnosis, monitoring, prediction of disease severity/treatment response, guiding procedures and patient education in gout, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition (CPPD) and basic calcium phosphate deposition (BCPD). Records were screened, manuscripts reviewed and data of the included studies extracted. The risk of bias was assessed by validated instruments.
RESULTS: For gout, 88 studies were included. Diagnostic studies reported good to excellent sensitivity and specificity of dual-energy CT (DECT) and ultrasound (US), high specificity and lower sensitivity for conventional radiographs (CR) and CT. Longitudinal studies demonstrated sensitivity to change with regard to crystal deposition by US and DECT and inflammation by US and structural progression by CR and CT. For CPPD, 50 studies were included. Diagnostic studies on CR and US showed high specificity and variable sensitivity. There was a single study on monitoring, while nine assessed the prediction in CPPD. For BCPD, 56 studies were included. There were two diagnostic studies, while monitoring by CR and US was assessed in 43 studies, showing a reduction in crystal deposition. A total of 12 studies with inconsistent results assessed the prediction of treatment response. The search on patient education retrieved two studies, suggesting a potential role of DECT.
CONCLUSIONS: This SLR confirmed a relevant and increasing role of imaging in the field of CiAs.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced inflammatory arthritis (ICI-IA) is an immune-related adverse event that can occur as a result of receiving ICIs for cancer treatment. Thus far, ICI-IA has been described variably in the literature, in part due to varying presentations that evolve over time, as well as a lack of standardized definitions and classification. This scoping review aggregates various descriptions of ICI-IA, highlighting the most prominent attributes of ICI-IA from categories such as symptoms, signs, imaging, and laboratory findings as well as discussing potential mimic conditions.

Ultrasound (US) can visualize the periosteal changes in the early stage compared to radiography. In this review, we studied periosteal manifestations on US and assessed their diagnostic utility for osteomyelitis (OM) and arthritis. We included articles that studied ultrasonographic findings of periosteal changes in OM and arthropathies with aims to systematically review periosteal manifestations of each condition and summarize diagnostic values of each finding. A total of 13 articles were included in the systematic review. Of these, 10 articles are on OM, 3 articles are on psoriatic arthritis (PsA), 1 article is on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 1 article is on gouty arthritis (GA). In OM, subperiosteal fluid/subperiosteal collection (SF/SC) was detected in 32%-76% within 72 h after presentation. Periosteal reaction (PR) was seen after day 4 and the sensitivity on US ranges from 33% to 100%. In PsA, PR was seen near 16%-59% in active PsA joints. Periosteal changes are rarely detected in RA joints. Small hyperechoic spots were seen in 87.5% of GA. SF/SC may be seen on US as the earliest sign followed by PR for OM. PR is more specific in PsA than RA. Further investigations on periosteal abnormalities on US are warranted to confirm our findings.