The present study aimed to investigate the impact of coaches\' pleasant and unpleasant facial expressions on affects and team performance of young elite female synchronized ice-skaters.
Initially, the coach provided a neutral explanation of the exercise, which was followed by the athletes\' execution. The ice-skaters then received either pleasant or unpleasant feedback from the coach, completed two questionnaires, and performed the exercise again. The study involved two familiar and two unfamiliar coaches.
Coaches\' pleasant expressions increased athletes\' arousal/hedonic tone and positive affect, while coaches\' unpleasant expressions heightened athletes\' negative affect. Moreover, participants significantly performed better after receiving an unpleasant facial expression by the coach. Receiving pleasant/unpleasant feedback from a familiar or unfamiliar coach did not have a significant impact on team pre- and post-feedback performance.
The findings suggest that coaches\' facial expressions impacted athletes\' positive/negative affect, and that, under specific circumstances, receiving unpleasant feedback from the coach can improve team performance.

BACKGROUND: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common in adults with intellectual disabilities. Often there are additional disorders such as substance use, mood and anxiety disorders. The current study focuses on the feasibility and initial efficacy of prolonged exposure (PE) for PTSD in adults with mild intellectual disabilities. The secondary effect of PE on additional mood, anxiety and substance use disorders is also examined.
METHODS: A single case experimental design (N = 12) with an A (baseline)-B (intervention) phase including a follow-up measurement after 3 months was conducted. Time series and single time points measurements were performed.
RESULTS: Six participants dropped-out. The results showed a significant decrease in PTSD symptoms and a significant decrease in additional symptoms (social avoidance, anxiety and stress), among participants who completed treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: PE appears to be a feasible and effective treatment for PTSD in some adults with mild intellectual disabilities. Suggestions emerge from this study to make standard PE treatment more appropriate for adults with mild intellectual disabilities. Further research is needed to reduce drop-out in trauma treatment. Some suggestions for this are made in this study. Treatment of PTSD with PE did not appear to affect comorbid mood disorders. Further research is needed.

OBJECTIVE: Negative affect, alexithymia, and other predisposing traits (such as health anxiety) can influence an individual\'s symptom perception. In this study, we used the affective picture paradigm (APP, Bogaerts et al., 2010) to induce symptoms using affective picture stimuli. We aimed to cross-sectionally test the effect of high vs low-frequency symptom queries and analyze the time course of the APP, including interactions with health anxiety and somatic symptom distress.
METHODS: Participants (N = 124) completed a modified APP and filled out various questionnaires. In the APP, participants were randomized to either a highly-frequent-query condition (18 symptom checklists) or a less-frequent-query condition (6 checklists). Data were analyzed using ANOVAs, cross-lagged panel models, moderation models, and multilevel models.
RESULTS: Both groups had comparable symptom baseline values, but people in the highly frequent as opposed to less frequent condition reported significantly higher symptom levels once the experiment started (F (1,120) = 14.319, p < .001, η2=.107). Symptom levels stayed stable over the course of the experiment and were best predicted by symptom levels at earlier timepoints in the experiment (β = 0.43 and β = 0.68, both p < .001). Health anxiety levels significantly predicted symptom levels (F(1,121) = 10.054, p = .002, η2=.077) and moderated the relation between condition and symptom levels (F(2,121) = 16.253, p < .001, η2=.212).
CONCLUSIONS: In terms of the predictive processing model (e.g.,[1]), repeated symptom queries following negative affective cues may activate prior beliefs about symptoms, resulting in elevated levels of symptom reports in interaction with health anxiety.

A Large Language Model (LLM) is an artificial intelligence system trained on vast amounts of natural language data, enabling it to generate human-like responses to written or spoken language input. Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (GPT)-3.5 is an example of an LLM that supports a conversational agent called ChatGPT. In this work, we used a series of novel prompts to determine whether ChatGPT shows heuristics and other context-sensitive responses. We also tested the same prompts on human participants. Across four studies, we found that ChatGPT was influenced by random anchors in making estimates (anchoring, Study 1); it judged the likelihood of two events occurring together to be higher than the likelihood of either event occurring alone, and it was influenced by anecdotal information (representativeness and availability heuristic, Study 2); it found an item to be more efficacious when its features were presented positively rather than negatively-even though both presentations contained statistically equivalent information (framing effect, Study 3); and it valued an owned item more than a newly found item even though the two items were objectively identical (endowment effect, Study 4). In each study, human participants showed similar effects. Heuristics and context-sensitive responses in humans are thought to be driven by cognitive and affective processes such as loss aversion and effort reduction. The fact that an LLM-which lacks these processes-also shows such responses invites consideration of the possibility that language is sufficiently rich to carry these effects and may play a role in generating these effects in humans. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The best-known etiologies of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia are insulinoma, non-insulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemic syndrome, autoimmune processes, and factitious hypoglycemia. In 2009, a disease not associated with classic genetic syndromes and characterized by the presence of multiple pancreatic lesions was described and named insulinomatosis. We present the clinical and pathologic features of four patients with the diagnosis of insulinomatosis, aggregated new clinical data, reviewed extensively the literature, and illustrated the nature and evolution of this recently recognized disease. One of our patients had isolated (without fasting hypoglycemia) postprandial hypoglycemia, an occurrence not previously reported in the literature. Furthermore, we reported the second case presenting malignant disease. All of them had persistent/recurrent hypoglycemia after the first surgery even with pathology confirming the presence of a positive insulin neuroendocrine tumor. In the literature review, 27 sporadic insulinomatosis cases were compiled. All of them had episodes of fasting hypoglycemia except one of our patients. Only two patients had malignant disease, and one of them was from our series. The suspicion of insulinomatosis can be raised before surgery in patients without genetic syndromes, with multiple tumors in the topographic investigation and in those who had persistent or recurrent hypoglycemia after surgical removal of one or more tumors. The definitive diagnosis is established by histology and immunohistochemistry and requires examination of the \"macroscopically normal pancreas.\" Our case series reinforces the marked predominance in women, the high frequency of recurrent hypoglycemia, and consequently, a definitive poor response to the usual surgical treatment.

BACKGROUND: Hematological malignancies have always been a challenge for scientists because there is a constant need to better define these entities. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal hematopoietic disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis. Cytogenetics and molecular findings are a prerequisite for these syndromes as they confirm the clonal nature of the disease. However, MDS is often linked to autoimmunity and inflammation as part of its pathogenesis. Recently, VEXAS syndrome (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) linked these two in a single mutation, suggesting that the heterogeneity among hematological malignancies often demands a more personalized medicine by tailoring medical treatment to the individual characteristics of each patient.
METHODS: We present a case of VEXAS syndrome regarding a 63-year-old male patient who initially presented with episodes of low fever, polyarthritis of the knees and ankles, polymyalgia, and fatigue. His laboratory examinations revealed increased levels of serum inflammatory markers.
METHODS: Diagnosis was based on high clinical suspicion, laboratory findings, and vacuolization of the erythroid and myeloid precursors in the bone marrow evaluation. Mutational status of ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 1 gene was positive with a 68.8% allelomorph frequency (rs782416867).
METHODS: Therapy was based on controlling inflammation with the use of glucocorticoids and treating MDS-related anemia with the use of erythropoietin.
RESULTS: Currently, the patient visits our department regularly. He is still receiving the aforementioned treatment. He did not mention any new incidents for the time being.
CONCLUSIONS: VEXAS syndrome as a newly identified entity might be often underestimated since its clinical presentation is notably diverse.

暂无摘要。

Xylazine is an α 2 -adrenergic agonist that is commonly used as a veterinary tranquilizer and is increasingly present in the unregulated US drug supply since at least 2019. There are many suspected clinical complications of xylazine use, including unusual skin wounds, atypical overdose presentations, and possible dependence and withdrawal syndromes. However, there are few reports of cutaneous manifestations of xylazine in patients who inject drugs that can guide diagnosis and management in patients with confirmed xylazine toxicology.
We present the cases of 3 stably housed patients in Connecticut with opioid use disorder and intravenous use of fentanyl who presented with atypical, chronic wounds at the site of injection drug use. Xylazine toxicology sent on all 3 patients was positive. All patients were seen by wound care and dermatology, and 1 patient was followed by infectious diseases. Wound care management strategies are discussed as well as harm reduction strategies. For all patients, the dose of their medication for opioid use disorder was increased to decrease frequency of drug use given concern that patients were exposed to a drug supply containing xylazine.
This case report presents wound characteristics that raise the index of suspicion for xylazine-involved injection wounds and might assist in their diagnosis and management. There is urgent need for more reporting of such cases as well as rigorous research to understand the potential impact of xylazine on people who use drugs. Multidisciplinary best practices should be established.

Self-reports remain affective science\'s only direct measure of subjective affective experiences. Yet, little research has sought to understand the psychological process that transforms subjective experience into self-reports. Here, we propose that by framing these self-reports as dynamic affective decisions, affective scientists may leverage the computational tools of decision-making research, sequential sampling models specifically, to better disentangle affective experience from the noisy decision processes that constitute self-report. We further outline how such an approach could help affective scientists better probe the specific mechanisms that underlie important moderators of affective experience (e.g., contextual differences, individual differences, and emotion regulation) and discuss how adopting this decision-making framework could generate insight into affective processes more broadly and facilitate reciprocal collaborations between affective and decision scientists towards a more comprehensive and integrative psychological science.

Background and objectives: Thyroid nodules are a common finding in clinical practice and can be either benign or malignant. The aim of this study was to compare laboratory parameters between patients with malignant thyroid nodules and those with benign thyroid nodules. Materials and methods: A total of 845 patients were included, with 251 in the study group (malignant thyroid nodules) and 594 in the control group (benign thyroid nodules). Results: Our results show that there were statistically significant differences in several laboratory parameters, including FT3, FT4, ESR, fibrinogen, WBC, and lymphocyte percentage, between the two patient groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that certain laboratory parameters may be useful in differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid nodules and could aid in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer. However, further diagnostic tests such as fine-needle aspiration biopsy and imaging studies are typically required for an accurate diagnosis. Routine laboratory tests prove most effective when combined with other diagnostic methods to identify thyroid cancer. Although not conclusive on their own, these tests significantly suggest and guide physicians to suspect malignancy in thyroid nodules. This affirmative answer to our question, \"Can routine laboratory tests be suggestive in determining suspicions of malignancy in the case of thyroid nodules?\" aligns with the results of our study.