Ameloblastoma, a benign yet aggressive odontogenic tumor known for its recurrence and the severe morbidity from radical surgeries, may benefit from advancements in targeted therapy. We present a case of a 15-year-old girl with ameloblastoma successfully treated with targeted therapy and review the literature with this question: Is anti-MAPK targeted therapy safe and effective for treating ameloblastoma? This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO, adhered to PRISMA guidelines, and searched multiple databases up to December 2023, identifying 13 relevant studies out of 647 records, covering 23 patients treated with MAPK inhibitor therapies. The results were promising as nearly all patients showed a positive treatment response, with four achieving complete radiological remission and others showing substantial reductions in primary, recurrent, and metastatic ameloblastoma sizes. Side effects were mostly mild to moderate. This study presents anti-MAPK therapy as a significant shift from invasive surgical treatments, potentially enhancing life quality and clinical outcomes by offering a less invasive yet effective treatment alternative. This approach could signify a breakthrough in managing this challenging tumor, emphasizing the need for further research into molecular-targeted therapies.

Pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF) has been introduced for the mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs). However, no cases of acute lung injury (ALI) in healthy donors have been reported, and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We first reported a case of ALI caused by PEG-rhG-CSF in a healthy Chinese donor, characterized by hemoptysis, hypoxemia, and patchy shadows. Ultimately, hormone administration, planned PBSC collection, leukocyte debridement, and planned PBSC collection resulted in active control of the donor\'s ALI. The donor\'s symptoms improved without any adverse effects, and the PBSC collection proceeded without incident. Over time, the lung lesion was gradually absorbed and eventually returned to normal. PEG-rhG-CSF may contribute to ALI in healthy donors via mechanisms involving neutrophil aggregation, adhesion, and the release of inflammatory mediators in the lung. This case report examines the clinical manifestations, treatment, and mechanism of lung injury induced by PEG-rhG-CSF-mobilized PBSCs.

BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine is a sedative drug with a wide safety margin.
METHODS: We present a case of accidental iatrogenic dexmedetomidine overdose in an adult patient during high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment. This is the first case report of an adult patient receiving an intravenous push of dexmedetomidine. Overdose resulted in severe oversedation, but symptoms receded spontaneously over time.
CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine overdoses are infrequent, and they are usually the result of an administration error.

BACKGROUND: Dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage is a topical anaesthetic formulated for mucosal surfaces. It is employed frequently for topical anaesthesia of the pharynx prior to endoscopic examinations such as electronic gastroscopy, and few adverse reactions have been reported. This article describes a patient who experienced a transient but severe disturbance of consciousness following oral dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage administration.
METHODS: A 75-year-old female presenting with gastrointestinal bleeding was examined by electronic gastroscopy. Six minutes after oral dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage administration, the patient entered a comatose-like state accompanied by loss of limb muscle tone and profuse perspiration. This response was not accompanied by changes in cardiac rhythm, blood pressure, or respiration rate, suggesting an effect on higher brain centres. After ten minutes, the patient\'s symptoms were alleviated.
CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that sites of dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage use be equipped with appropriate rescue devices for these rare events.

Aripiprazole is an efficacious treatment for both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and is also commonly used as a mood stabilizer. It is associated with better tolerability compared with other antipsychotics. However, there are reports of patients who experience problem gambling, hypersexuality, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and other impulsive and/or compulsive behaviors as a result of aripiprazole administration and/or dosage increase. We aimed to do a systematic review of case reports published in this regard. After screening more than 6000 titles and abstracts in ten scientific search engines, we found 35 related records comprising 59 cases. The majority of cases (n = 42, 71.18%) were male, the mean age was 33.83 years (± 13.40), and the average daily dose of aripiprazole was 11.63 mg (± 6.94). The results of our review showed that the most frequently published impulsivity adverse effect of aripiprazole is gambling, followed by hypersexuality, obsessive-compulsive symptoms/disorder, problem eating, trichotillomania, problem shopping, and kleptomania. These symptoms were experienced both by patients who had previous problems in these areas and those who did not. In the majority of cases, the symptoms appeared within 30 days after aripiprazole administration started and ceased within 30 days of its discontinuation and/or dose decrease. Clinicians should be aware of impulsivity adverse effects, monitor them, and educate both patients and the family about them.

Many anticoagulants are indicated as prophylaxis and treatment for conditions that may lead to thromboembolisms or atrial fibrillation. Among those, apixaban, a reversible direct inhibitor of factor Xa, is one of the most popular. Apixaban is known to cause a variety of side effects; however, for this paper, the focus is on hypersensitivity reactions. Although several cases will be referenced from the literature, we present a case with a history of a dermatological disease before the use of a direct oral anticoagulant. A 74-year-old female patient with a history of pemphigus vulgaris and a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism and right distal vein thrombosis managed with apixaban presented with a pruritic coalescent erythematous dermatitis throughout her torso, back, and lower extremities three days post-apixaban treatment. In accordance with her physical examination, the apixaban regimen was withdrawn, and oral dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor, was initiated. At the patient\'s five-day follow-up, clinical improvement was noted. Through clinical diagnosis, it is believed that this dermatitis was a reaction to the apixaban treatment course.

BACKGROUND: Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is an autoimmune disease with multifactor etiology which develops in genetically susceptible patients. Rarely, DLE lesions can mimic other connective tissue disorders such as morphea. The growing application of soft tissue fillers is associated with increasing complications. Some substances used for soft tissue augmentation such as silicon implants may trigger lupus erythematosus diseases.
METHODS: Here we report a case of morphea-like discoid lupus erythematosus developed several years after polyacrylamide dermal filler (PAAG) injection for facial rejuvenation.
CONCLUSIONS: As noninvasive procedures like dermal filler injections are increasing worldwide, physicians may consider the long-term probable side effects of these compounds.

Rapamycin is an mTOR inhibitor that has been shown to extend the lifespan of laboratory model organisms. In humans, rapamycin is used at higher doses as an immunosuppressive medication to prevent organ rejection. Numerous adverse effects are seen with rapamycin treatment in humans, with one of the most common being dysregulation of lipid metabolism. In humans, this often manifests as mild to moderate serum lipid elevations, with a small subset developing extreme triglyceride elevations. This case report describes an eight-year-old, castrated male, clinically healthy Labrador retriever who developed severe hypertriglyceridemia associated with low-dose rapamycin administration over a six-month period. During this time, the dog was asymptomatic and displayed no other clinical abnormalities, aside from a progressive lipemia. Within 15 days of discontinuing rapamycin treatment, and with no targeted lipemic intervention, the dog\'s lipemia and hypertriglyceridemia completely resolved.

A 23 year old young lady was admitted for Ayurveda treatments of her refractive error coupled with migraine. She was put on Shadbindu Taila Nasya, 24 drops in both her nostrils immediately the next day. Within 6 h of performing Nasya, the patient started developing pyrexia which was initially of low grade, and later, within 6 h, went on to high-grade. Nasya was suspended, and rescue Ayurveda medicines were started but had no improvement. The patient later self-medicated an antipyretic drug, and with a single dose, the high-grade pyrexia came down to normal. Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale recording gave a score of six, which shows that the AE could be probably due to Nasya with Shadbindu Taila. This case report adds evidence to the medical database of under-reported/poorly reported adverse effects (AE) cases of Nasya therapy. It shows that Nasya is not a 100 % complication and adverse effect free treatment, but rather has to be done with extreme caution. This case report highlights that effective Ayurveda principle based preparatory treatments are also to be done before initiating Nasya to minimize the chances of adverse effects. This case report also suggests practicing a test dose of Nasya, before initiating a high dose, so as to detect adverse events and prevent severe complications.

Systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS) is a rare and complex adverse effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The diagnosis of drug-induced SCLS is based on diffuse infusions of exudative fluid into the interstitial areas and the exclusion of other causes. The best management of ICIs-induced SCLS is not settled, though proper supportive care and corticosteroids were commonly applied as the first-line treatment. In our patient with advanced gastroesophageal junction squamous cell carcinoma, although ICIs-induced SCLS was successfully controlled with corticosteroids, the patient soon experienced cancer progress and died of pulmonary infections. Based on our experience and the reported cases by other hospitals, different stages of SCLS might respond differently to the same treatment. Therefore, a grading of ICIs-induced SCLS might help to stratify the patient for different treatment strategies. Besides, corticosteroids-sensitive patients, though waived from deadly SCLS, might be at higher risk of cancer progress and subsequent infections due to the application of corticosteroids. Considering that the inflammatory factors should be closely involved in the development of ICIs-induced SCLS, targeted therapy against the driver inflammatory cytokine might offer treatment regimens that are more effective and safer.