BACKGROUND: Participation in life activities is an integral part of health and a main outcome of rehabilitation services for children and adolescents with disabilities. However, there is still no consensus on the most effective way to improve participation. The aim of this systematic review is to determine the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions on participation outcomes of children with cerebral palsy (CP).
METHODS: A systematic review was conducted, searching the databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Web of Science and Scopus for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), between 2001 and 2023. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they evaluated children with CP undergoing any intervention and using any tool measuring participation as an outcome measure. A meta-analysis of treatment effect was conducted. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the effect on participation when intervention targeted different International Classification of Functioning (ICF) domains.
RESULTS: A total of 1572 records were identified. Eight RCTs including 384 children (195 in the intervention group and 189 in the control group) were included in the systematic review and in the meta-analysis. A sensitivity analysis showed that interventions focusing on participation significantly improved participation; standardized mean difference (1.83; 95% CI: 1.33-2.32; Z = 7.21; P < 0.00001). When other types of interventions, that is, focusing on body functions and structures or activities, were used, then participation was not favourably affected.
CONCLUSIONS: Interventions primarily targeting barriers to participation across several ICF domains have a greater influence on enhancing participation. Interventions aimed at enhancing specific motor skills, including gross and fine motor function or strength, do not necessarily have a positive impact on participation.

BACKGROUND: The prevailing nutritional conditions and the triple challenge of malnutrition faced by adolescents have adverse consequences for both the present and future generations\' health and nutrition. Summarizing the available research on the nutritional status and dietary habits of adolescents in Nigeria is crucial.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to systematically evaluate available literature on the nutritional status of adolescent aged 10 to 19years in Nigeria.
METHODS: A systematic search using PRISMA guideline was conducted. Three electronic databases were searched i.e., PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus using specific terms and keywords for online articles published between 2013 and 2023. After applying specified inclusion and exclusion criteria, 51 articles were selected for data extraction, synthesis and quality assessment.
RESULTS: Of the 51 included studies, 78.4% were conducted in the Southern Nigeria, 11.8% in the Northern Nigeria and 9.8% included both regions. The prevalence of overweight ranged between 0.8 and 31% and obesity ranged between 0.1 and 14%. The prevalence of thinness, stunting and underweight ranged between 3 and 31%, 0.4 to 41.6%, 0.3 to 73.3% respectively. The review also identified an inadequate intake of essential nutrients including iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin A, C, D, niacin, thiamin, riboflavin, cobalamin, and folate, with vitamin A deficiency prevalence ranges from 44 to 96%. The dietary patterns were characterized by a high consumption of cereals grains and starchy foods, low animal proteins, fast-food with soft drinks, and limited consumption of fruits and vegetables along with meal skipping.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings portray a complex picture of the nutritional challenges faced by this demographic group, highlighting both undernutrition and overnutrition, poor eating behaviour and micronutrient deficiency as significant concerns. The review revealed regional disparities in research representation, with a concentration of studies in Southern Nigeria. This highlights the importance of directing research efforts toward the northern regions, where the prevalence of nutritional issues is equally severe, but less studied.
UNASSIGNED: PROSPERO CRD42023481095.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this review was to investigate the impact of short message service (SMS)-based interventions on childhood and adolescent vaccine coverage and timeliness.
METHODS: A pre-defined search strategy was used to identify all relevant publications up until July 2022 from electronic databases. Reports of randomised trials written in English and involving children and adolescents less than 18 years old were included. The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.
RESULTS: Thirty randomised trials were identified. Most trials were conducted in high-income countries. There was marked heterogeneity between studies. SMS-based interventions were associated with small to moderate improvements in vaccine coverage and timeliness compared to no SMS reminder. Reminders with embedded education or which were combined with monetary incentives performed better than simple reminders in some settings.
CONCLUSIONS: Some SMS-based interventions appear effective for improving child vaccine coverage and timeliness in some settings. Future studies should focus on identifying which features of SMS-based strategies, including the message content and timing, are determinants of effectiveness.

BACKGROUND: Health behaviours such as exercise and diet strongly influence well-being and disease risk, providing the opportunity for interventions tailored to diverse individual contexts. Precise behaviour interventions are critical during adolescence and young adulthood (ages 10-25), a formative period shaping lifelong well-being. We will conduct a systematic review of just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) for health behaviour and well-being in adolescents and young adults (AYAs). A JITAI is an emerging digital health design that provides precise health support by monitoring and adjusting to individual, specific and evolving contexts in real time. Despite demonstrated potential, no published reviews have explored how JITAIs can dynamically adapt to intersectional health factors of diverse AYAs. We will identify the JITAIs\' distal and proximal outcomes and their tailoring mechanisms, and report their effectiveness. We will also explore studies\' considerations of health equity. This will form a comprehensive assessment of JITAIs and their role in promoting health behaviours of AYAs. We will integrate evidence to guide the development and implementation of precise, effective and equitable digital health interventions for AYAs.
METHODS: In adherence to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines, we will conduct a systematic search across multiple databases, including CENTRAL, MEDLINE and WHO Global Index Medicus. We will include peer-reviewed studies on JITAIs targeting health of AYAs in multiple languages. Two independent reviewers will conduct screening and data extraction of study and participant characteristics, JITAI designs, health outcome measures and equity considerations. We will provide a narrative synthesis of findings and, if data allows, conduct a meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND: As we will not collect primary data, we do not require ethical approval. We will disseminate the review findings through peer-reviewed journal publication, conferences and stakeholder meetings to inform participatory research.
UNASSIGNED: CRD42023473117.

Objective: To review the effects of the ketogenic diet on epilepsy in children and adolescents.
Data Sources: A literature search was conducted in PubMed with no publication date or language restrictions based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses guidelines. Keywords used included children, adolescent, ketogenic diet, epilepsy, and seizure.
Study Selection: After excluding articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria, such as missing variables of study, adult population, and nonrandomized clinical trials, a total of 12 studies were included in the final review.
Data Extraction: Data on study design, duration, sample size, population, and type of intervention were collected using a standard template.
Results: The ketogenic diet and its modified versions were noted to have beneficial effects in reduction of seizure frequency and severity, with manageable adverse effects such as gastrointestinal disturbances, dehydration, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, infection, and metabolic acidosis.
Conclusions: Depending on patient compliance and comorbidities, all variations of the ketogenic diet were found to be helpful for seizure treatment, whether as an additive or an alternative treatment option, for children and adolescents with epilepsy.
Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2024;26(3):23r03661.
Author affiliations are listed at the end of this article.

BACKGROUND: A large proportion of adolescents with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are physically inactive. Physical literacy has been described as an important determinant in promoting health behaviours. The potential of exergames to improve physical literacy and activity has been recognized in typically developing children. The aim of the present scoping review was to identify and map the available evidence of this potential for adolescents with DCD.
METHODS: A scoping review was performed via a literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, ERIC and CINHAIL.
RESULTS: From 2860 search records, six studies (two studies in DCD and four studies in cerebral palsy [CP]) assessed physical activity, 12 studies discussed exergame features and 16 studies assessed physical literacy domains. In DCD, one study showed positive effects of exergaming on physical activity and the other failed to show any significant effects of exergaming. In CP, all four studies demonstrated positive effects of exergaming on energy expenditure and daily physical activity. Furthermore, positive effects of exergames on the different physical literacy domains were shown, namely motor competence, self-concept and affect, motivation and social/experiential. Finally, exergame features including multiplayer modes, realism, game rewards, challenges and enjoyment were shown to have a significant effect on motivating and encouraging adolescents to exert more effort while playing.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on the positive effects of exergaming on physical activity in other populations, more in-depth research in adolescents with DCD is warranted such that the decline in physical activity behaviour that is present in individuals with DCD can be counteracted. Physical literacy should be regarded as an important determinant in this regard.

UNASSIGNED: Two significant etiological factors contributing to iron deficiency anemia, and undernutrition posing substantial public health challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa, are soil-transmitted helminths and malaria. This study carried out the effect of weekly iron-folic acid supplementation (WIFAS) on the nutrition and general health of school-age children and adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa, a systematic review and meta-analysis have been conducted.
UNASSIGNED: To find pertinent publications for this study, a thorough search was carried out on May 20, 2023, across five databases: Pubmed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. In addition, a search was conducted on August 23, 2023, to capture any new records. The inclusion criteria for the studies were based on school-age children and adolescent populations, randomized controlled trials, and investigations into the effects of WIFAS. The outcomes of interest were measured through anthropometric changes, malaria, and helminthic reinfection.
UNASSIGNED: A systematic review of 11 articles revealed that WIFAS significantly decreased the risk of schistosomiasis reinfection by 21% among adolescents (risk ratio = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.66, 0.97; heterogeneity I 2 = 0.00%, P = 0.02). However, no significant impact was observed on the risk of malaria reinfection (risk ratio = 1.02, 95%CI: 0.92, 1.13; heterogeneity I 2 = 0.00%, P = 0.67) or A. Lumbricoides reinfection (risk ratio = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.75, 1.19; heterogeneity I 2 = 0.00%, P = 0.65). Moreover, the analysis demonstrated that there is no significant effect of iron-folic acid supplementation in measured height and height for age Z-score (HAZ) of the school-age children (Hedge\'s g -0.05, 95%CI: -0.3, 0.2; test for heterogeneity I 2 = 0.00%, P = 0.7) and (Hedge\'s g 0.12, 95%CI: -0.13, 0.37; test for heterogeneity I 2 = 0.00%, P = 0.36) respectively.
UNASSIGNED: The effectiveness of WIFAS in reducing the risk of schistosomiasis reinfection in adolescents has been demonstrated to be greater than that of a placebo or no intervention. Additionally, the narrative synthesis of iron-folic acid supplementation has emerged as a potential public health intervention for promoting weight change. However, there was no significant association between WIFAS and Ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm. Moreover, the certainty of the evidence for the effects of WIFAS on height and malaria is low and therefore inconclusive. Whereas, the certainty of the evidence for the effectiveness of WIFAS on Schistosomiasis is moderate. Even though the mechanisms need further research WIFAS may be implemented as part of a comprehensive public health strategy to address schistosomiasis in adolescents.
UNASSIGNED: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023397898, PROSPERO (CRD42023397898).

A retrospective analysis was conducted on a MonoMAC syndrome case admitted in October 2022 to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The patient, a 16-year-old female with a history of persistent monocytopenia and mild anemia for several years, experienced recurrent symptoms of cough, expectoration, and fever, leading to multiple visits to the hospital. The diagnosis of MonoMAC syndrome was confirmed through comprehensive assessments including routine blood tests, pathogen metagenomic sequencing, lung and bone marrow biopsies, and next-generation sequencing of peripheral blood. The patient underwent haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, with a smooth course of transplantation, achieving neutrophil engraftment on + 16 d and platelet engraftment on + 17 d, eventually restoring normal monocyte and NK cell counts. MonoMAC syndrome patients often initially present with infectious symptoms, and the diagnosis can be established based on significant monocytopenia in routine blood tests, history of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections, and GATA2 germline mutations. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be required for some patients to improve their prognosis.
回顾性分析浙江大学医学院附属第一医院2022年10月收治的1例MonoMAC综合征病例，女性，16岁，有多年外周血单核细胞数减少及轻度贫血病史，因\"反复咳嗽咯痰伴发热\"在浙江大学医学院附属第一医院多次就诊，最终结合血常规、病原学宏基因组测序、肺穿刺活检、骨髓穿刺活检及外周血二代测序等检查，诊断为MonoMAC综合征，并接受单倍体造血干细胞移植。患者移植过程较顺利，+16 d粒细胞植入，+17 d血小板植入，最终单核细胞数和NK细胞数恢复正常。MonoMAC综合征患者常因感染症状首次就诊，结合血常规中单核细胞明显减低，非结核分枝杆菌感染史、GATA2胚系突变等检查结果可确诊。部分患者需行异基因造血干细胞移植治疗以改善预后。.

Fragile X syndrome is the most commonly inherited form of intellectual disability. Identifying fragile X syndrome at a young age can be quite challenging because the classical physical features usually present in late childhood or early adolescence; therefore, it is important to consider genetic testing for all males with unexplained developmental delays, intellectual disability, and autism, females with developmental delays, intellectual disability or autism, and a family history of fragile X gene disorders. There is no specific treatment to manage fragile X syndrome. Still, a prompt referral for early intervention is essential to help maximize the child\'s learning potential, as well as a referral to child psychology if any behavioral concerns are present. It is of paramount importance for families with a history of fragile X syndrome to have access to genetic counseling as it can aid in future reproductive decisions and the risk of future recurrences of this condition. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(7):e269-e271.].

OBJECTIVE: The World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most widespread infection that affects women\'s reproductive system. HPV is a serious concern to women\'s health, as it has a negative impact on women\'s quality of life. Approximately 70% of all occurrences of cervical cancer globally are caused by HPV strains 16 and 18. A few studies have found that HPV vaccinations play a significant role in protecting women against HPV infections. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of the HPV vaccine and to examine the influence of this vaccine on women\'s health.
METHODS: EBSCO, PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and ProQuest were selected as electronic databases for systematic research. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies published in English from January 2019 to August 2023, evaluating the effectiveness of the HPV vaccine in women aged 18-76 years globally. This review included different types of studies, including cross-sectional, retrospective cohort, original randomized controlled trials, and prospective studies. Moreover, the included studies were evaluated using the Jonna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodological quality checklist tool. Two reviewers assessed the methodological quality of all studies using JBI guidelines.
RESULTS: The search identified 11,095 articles, 19 of which were included in this review. Significant findings were found regarding the relationship between HPV vaccines and women\'s health.
CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights the importance of the HPV vaccine and its administration among women to promote their health and prevent future infections.