BACKGROUND: Nurses and midwives have been stretched by the COVID-19 pandemic amidst the heroic roles they have played during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurses stood tall among their peers in the healthcare industry saving lives. The pandemic has had a toll on nurses physically, psychologically, and socio-economically. The numerous deaths have traumatized nurses coupled with the fear of possible infection. Nurses have seen their colleagues and loved ones lose their lives to the pandemic, nevertheless, they still render care to patients no matter the circumstances. Due to that, it is imperative to ascertain the extent to which nurses who are much needed in healthcare delivery have been affected by this pandemic. This scoping review used Arksey and O\'Malley\'s review methodology to investigate the nature of work-related psychosocial challenges nurses encountered during the peak of the pandemic, noting the major contributors to the challenges and the coping strategies used to address them.
METHODS: We performed a scoping review and searched for articles from five databases including PUBMED, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and Grey literature from December 2019 to December 2021. A total of 7,334 articles were retrieved for the study but 45 met the inclusion criteria.
RESULTS: Work-related psychosocial challenges identified included stress, burnout (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, depression, sleeplessness, and anxiety. Factors that accounted for the challenges were inadequate personal protective equipment (PPEs), discomfort using the PPEs, extreme workload, and fatigue. Nurses experienced job insecurity, business closure, and separation from family and loved ones, and these contributed to their challenges. Strategies used to deal with the challenges centred on emotion-focused and problem-focused coping.
CONCLUSIONS: The study recommends regular counselling and support for all nurses working at the frontline to help them better cope with the devastating effects of the pandemic so that they could build resilience towards future pandemics.

OBJECTIVE: Since many jobs imply driving, a relevant part of all road traffic crashes (RTC) is related to work. Statistics considering all crashes suggest that they are significantly associated with consumption of substances, but the root causes are not yet clear. The objective of the present paper was to systematically review the scientific literature concerning substances consumption and work-related RTC. We queried the PubMed and Scopus electronic databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles were included if they reported all necessary data and survived a quality assessment. We selected a final sample of 30 articles from an initial pool of 7113. As hypothesized, taking any of the considered substances was found to increase the risk of work-related RTC. Descriptive statistics on work-related RTC showed a higher average positivity rate for medicines (14.8%) than for alcohol (3.02%) and drugs (0.84%). Interestingly, the impact of some medications found an unconvincing explanation in the mere occurrence of side effects, and it suggests that psychosocial and/or medical conditions could be better predictors of RTC. We therefore propose an intervention and prevention model that also considers biopsychosocial factors, for which further studies are needed in future research.

UNASSIGNED: Tennis leg (TL), a musculotendon injury to the gastrocnemius, has been associated with the eponymous sport since 1883. This article examines the historical context of TL as a sports compared with an occupational injury. This was juxtaposed with the history of tennis elbow, a tendon injury to the upper extremity also associated with sport.
UNASSIGNED: Bibliometric databases (PubMed, Web of Science [WOS], Hathi Trust) were keyword-searched; relevant citations were investigated in depth.
UNASSIGNED: The search yielded 71 citations for TL (PubMed). The majority (n = 43) were key word linked to sport terms; only one was linked to work-related search terms. Furthermore, none of the top four cited publications (Web of Science) alluded to work-related risk factors in TL in full textual analysis. Hathi Trust yielded the earliest work-related case, reported in a non-biomedical source. Tennis elbow was more frequently reported (n = 189 citations in PubMed) and more frequently linked (n = 193; 9.7%) to occupational search terms.
UNASSIGNED: The history of TL, juxtaposed with tennis elbow, demonstrates how nosology can influence but does not wholly explain disease attribution, potentially to the detriment of taking into account occupational causality. The lack of recognition of occupational factors revealed in this literature search was notable because TL occurred most commonly in males of working age. By providing perspective on how historical context and nosology can affect the conceptualization of disease, this review may help inform prevention, treatment, and regulatory policy.

On 6 December 2019 we start the 10th year of the European Journal of Psychotraumatogy (EJPT), a full Open Access journal on psychotrauma. This editorial is part of a special issue/collection celebrating the 10 years anniversary of the journal where we will acknowledge some of our most impactful articles of the past decade (also discussed below and marked with * in the reference list). In this editorial the editors present a decennial review of the field addressing a range of topics that are core to both the journal and to psychotraumatology as a discipline. These include neurobiological developments (genomics, neuroimaging and neuroendocrine research), forms of trauma exposure and impact across the lifespan, mass trauma and early interventions, work-related trauma, trauma in refugee populations, and the potential consequences of trauma such as PTSD or Complex PTSD, but also resilience. We address innovations in psychological, medication (enhanced) and technology-assisted treatments, mediators and moderators like social support and finally how new research methods help us to gain insights in symptom structures or to better predict symptom development or treatment success. We aimed to answer three questions 1. Where did we stand in 2010? 2. What did we learn in the past 10 years? 3. What are our knowledge gaps? We conclude with a number of recommendations concerning top priorities for the future direction of the field of psychotraumatology and correspondingly the journal.
El 6 de diciembre de 2019 comenzamos el décimo año de la European Journal of Psychotraumatogy (EJPT), una revista de acceso abierto completa sobre psicotrauma. Esta editorial es parte de un número especial que celebra el décimo aniversario de la revista y reconoce algunos de nuestros artículos más impactantes de la última década. En esta editorial, los editores presentan una revisión decenal del campo que aborda una gama de temas que son fundamentales tanto para la revista como para la psicotraumatología como disciplina. Estos incluyen desarrollos neurobiológicos (genómica, neuroimagen e investigación neuroendocrina), formas de exposición a traumas e impacto a lo largo de la vida, traumas masivos e intervenciones tempranas, traumas relacionados con el trabajo, traumas en poblaciones de refugiados y las posibles consecuencias de traumas como el trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) o TEPT complejo, pero también resiliencia. Abordamos las innovaciones en tratamientos psicológicos, medicamentos (mejorados) y asistidos por tecnología, mediadores y moderadores como el apoyo social y, finalmente, cómo los nuevos métodos de investigación nos ayudan a obtener información sobre las estructuras de los síntomas o predecir mejor el desarrollo de los síntomas o el éxito del tratamiento. Nuestro objetivo fue responder tres preguntas 1. ¿Dónde nos encontrábamos en 2010? 2. ¿Qué aprendimos en los últimos 10 años? y 3. ¿Cuáles son nuestras brechas de conocimiento? Concluimos con una serie de recomendaciones sobre las principales prioridades para la dirección futura del campo de la psicotraumatología y, en consecuencia, la revista.
在2019年12月6日，我们开始了《欧洲精神创伤杂志》（EJPT）的第十个年头，这是一份有关精神创伤的完整开放获取期刊。为了庆祝创刊十周年并致谢在过去十年中最有影响的文章，我们组织了一期特刊。这篇社论是其中的一部分。在这篇社论中，编辑们对该领域进行了十周年回顾，涉及期刊和创伤心理学这一学科的核心主题。其中包括神经生物学的发展（基因组学，神经影像学和神经内分泌研究）；在整个生命周期暴露创伤的形式和影响；大规模创伤和早期干预；与工作有关的创伤；难民人口中的创伤以及创伤的潜在后果，如创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）或复杂型PTSD，当然还有韧性。我们致力于促进心理、药物（增强）和技术辅助治疗方面的创新，探讨诸如社会支持之类的调节和中介因素，以及新的研究方法可以如何帮助我们了解症状结构或更好地预测症状发展或治疗成效。我们旨在回答三个问题：1.我们在2010年的情况如何？ 2.在过去的十年中，我们学到了什么？ 3.我们的知识空白是什么？最后，我们总结性地提出了许多建议，涉及创伤心理学领域以及本刊相应的未来发展方向要务。.

UNASSIGNED: Uncommon diseases are usually not suspected at initial presentation, and the diagnosis might be challenging. Here we present a rare disease diagnosed in a work-related injury setting, highlighting the importance of further investigation by means of a more detail physical exam, imaging studies and involvement of other specialties.
UNASSIGNED: A 21-year-old Hispanic male, who is a food service worker, presented following a work-related right elbow contusion with severe pain to his right elbow associated with swelling and purplish-red bruising/discoloration on its medial side and forearm. Physical exam demonstrated swelling, tenderness, and conspicuous dilated blood vessels across the right arm and forearm; additionally, multiple red-purplish scattered patches were found on the right arm, anterior and posterior right upper chest. His past medical history was significant for Capillary Hemangioma. He was initially treated conservatively and with work restriction; however, the pain in the forearm persisted. CT angiogram showed multiple interweaving vascular structures on the forearm, and further imaging by MR angiography depicted multiple vascular malformations in the right upper extremity and chest. Vascular surgery was consulted, and the diagnosis of Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome was made.
UNASSIGNED: Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome is a rare congenital disorder that could present in a wide-range of signs and symptoms. Thorough history taking and clinical examination is warranted in any work-related injuries. Further work up and referral to specialist should always be considered when diagnosis is unclear, or when initial symptoms do not resolve with treatment.

UNASSIGNED: Improving New Zealand\'s poor workplace safety record has become a high priority following high profile workplace fatal incidents in 2010 and 2014. Existing routine official data are unable to reliably inform occupational safety policy and action in New Zealand. This case review study will examine work-related fatal injury (WRFI) to: i) determine their burden, rates and distribution; ii) identify high-risk groups, causes and circumstances; iii) analyse secular trends, and iv) examine the impact of historic occupational safety legislative reform.
UNASSIGNED: A comprehensive New Zealand WRFI dataset from 1975 to 2014 will be established using existing data for 1975-1994 combined with new data for 1995-2014 extracted from reviewed coronial case files. Data collection involves: 1) identifying likely cases of WRFI from national mortality records using selected injury external cause codes; 2) linking these to coronial case files, which will be retrieved and reviewed to determine work-relatedness; and 3) coding work-related cases. Annual WRFI frequencies and rates will be calculated and disaggregated by age, sex, employment status, occupation and industry to identify high-risk groups and compared across the time series. The circumstances of the WRFIs will be analysed in-depth. The impact of New Zealand\'s Health and Safety in Employment 1992 Act, which resulted in deregulation of the previous legislative frameworks for occupational health and safety during a period of rapid labour market restructuring, will be examined by comparing rates before and after implementation of the Act.
UNASSIGNED: The resulting evidence will serve as the basis for policy development and practical interventions to reduce WRFI, targeting groups of high-risk workers, and for bench-marking of workplace safety performance in New Zealand.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders at the elbow are a common health problem, which highly impacts workers\' well-being and performance. Besides existing qualitative information, there is a clear lack of quantitative information of physical risk factors associated with specific disorders at the elbow (SDEs).
To provide evidence-based quantitative measures of physical risk factors associated with SDEs.
Studies were searched from 2007 to 2017 in Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Work. The identified risk factors were grouped in main- and sub-categories of exposure using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework for rating evidence.
133 different risk-factor specifications were identified in 10/524 articles and were grouped into 5 main- and 16 sub-categories of exposure. The risk factors were significantly associated with lateral epicondylitis, medial epicondylitis, or ulnar neuropathy. Significant risk factors such as wrist angular velocity (5°/s, with increasing prevalence ratio of 0.10%/(°/s), or forearm supination (≥45° and ≥5% of time combined with forceful lifting) were found.
This review delivers a categorization of work-related physical risk-factor specifications for SDEs with a special focus on quantitative measures, ranked for evidence. These results may build the base for developing risk assessment methods and prospective preventive measures.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to describe the burden and risk factors of work-related traumatic brain injury (wrTBI) and evaluate methodological quality of existing literature on wrTBI.
METHODS: A search of electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL) was conducted to identify articles published between 1980 and 2013 using a combination of terms for work, TBI, and epidemiology, without geographical limitations.
RESULTS: Ninety-eight studies were included in this review, of which 24 specifically focused on wrTBI. In general, male workers, those in the youngest and oldest age groups, and those working in the primary (e.g., agriculture, forestry, mining) or construction industries were more likely to sustain wrTBI, with falls being the most common mechanism of injury.
CONCLUSIONS: This review identified workers at highest risk of wrTBI, with implications for prevention efforts. Future research of better methodological quality is needed to provide a more complete picture of the epidemiology of wrTBI.

METHODS: Systematic review.
BACKGROUND: Traumatic hand injuries are frequent cause of work related injuries and can result in prolonged durations of time loss from work.
OBJECTIVE: To systematically review available evidence to determine which prognostic factors predict return-to-work (RTW) following work-related traumatic hand injuries.
METHODS: We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO from 1980 to September 2013 and reference lists of articles. Studies investigating any prognostic factors of RTW after traumatic hand injury were included. Two reviewers performed study selection, assessment of methodological quality and data extraction independently of each other. Identified factors were grouped into conceptual prognostic factor categories.
RESULTS: We assessed 8 studies, which addressed 11 potential prognostic factors (i.e., sociodemographic factors, occupation, work compensation status, treatment related factors, impairment severity, location of injury, etc.). The quality of the studies was low to moderate. Across all included studies, RTW (original or modified work) occurred in over 60% of individuals by 6 months. There was consistent low-moderate quality evidence that individuals with more severe impairments and lower pre-injury income were less likely to RTW, and low-moderate quality evidence that age, gender and level of education had no impact on RTW. Evidence on other commonly cited prognostic factors were limited in the literature.
CONCLUSIONS: Impairment severity and lower pre-injury income showed a consistent association with RTW following occupational hand injury, while other factors demonstrated no or variable effects across studies. Additional high-quality studies are warranted toward improving our understanding of the complex factors that mediate RTW following a traumatic work-related hand injury.
METHODS: 2a.