由于人为影响越来越大,近几十年来,湿地环境严重下降。这些自然资源的可持续管理对于维持生态系统和经济活动至关重要。Massaciuccoli湖及其附近地区是托斯卡纳(意大利)最大的残留沿海沼泽地之一。该湿地农业利用规模大,集约,受围垦活动影响较大,随之而来的侵蚀问题,沉陷和湖泊富营养化和淤积。在这种情况下,结合水化学数据的综合研究(水位,电导率,pH值,浊度,主要离子,痕量金属)和稳定同位素(H,O,S)已经在盆地的最南端进行了表演,更好地解开地下水和地表水之间的过程和相互作用,并了解溶质的起源及其演化。我们的结果表明,地下水和地表水都有流星起源,地下水的地球化学组成主要受当地地质和生物过程的影响。此外,地表水受海水混合和蒸散/降水过程的影响。就硝酸盐而言,农业活动和使用化肥对水质的影响似乎有限,这表明近年来实施的强度较低的农业实践是成功的。至于硫酸盐,Fe,Mn,我们无法完全阐明人类影响的潜在机制,但是开垦和农业活动加剧的水位波动和泥炭退化可能在控制这些元素的命运方面发挥了重要作用。总的来说,这些结果强调了理顺地球化学过程的综合方法的重要性,并将有助于支持托斯卡纳这个有价值的地区的政策实施和环境保护。这项工作的结果表明,决策机构需要尽快采取行动以减轻风险。当局和农民之间的密切合作至关重要,以减少向湖泊和周边地区的化肥和化学品投入。此外,应实施额外的政策措施,以减少机械土壤耕作并限制侵蚀和径流,例如Phusicos项目中实施的NBS。
Owing to increasing anthropogenic impacts,
wetlands have suffered a serious environmental decline in recent decades. The sustainable management of these natural resources is fundamental to maintain both the ecosystems and the economic activities. The Lake Massaciuccoli and nearby areas represent one of the largest residual coastal marshy areas in Tuscany (Italy). This wetland is characterized by large-scale and intensive agricultural use and affected by reclamation activities, with consequent problems of erosion, subsidence and lake eutrophication and siltation. In this context, an integrated
study combining hydrochemical data (water levels, electrical conductivity, pH, turbidity, major ions, trace metals) and stable isotopes (H, O, S) has been performed in the southernmost part of the basin, to better disentangle processes and interactions between groundwater and surface water and to understand the origin of solutes and their evolution. Our results indicated that both groundwater and surface water have a meteoric origin and that geochemical composition of groundwater is mainly affected by local geological and biological processes. Moreover, surface water is affected by sea water mixing and evapotranspiration/precipitation processes. The impact of agricultural activity and the use of fertilizers on the water quality appears to be limited as regards nitrates, indicating that less intense agricultural practices implemented in recent years have been successful. As regards sulfates, Fe, and Mn, we cannot fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying human influence, but the oscillation of water level and degradation of peat enhanced by reclamation and agriculture activities likely played an important role in controlling the fate of these elements. Overall, these results underline the importance of integrated approaches to disentangle geochemical processes and will be useful in supporting policy implementation and environmental protection in this valuable area of Tuscany. Findings from this work suggest the need for policy-making authorities to take actions as soon as possible to mitigate risks. Closer co-operation is essential between authorities and farmers to reduce inputs of fertilizers and chemicals into the lake and the surrounding area. Also, additional policy measures should be enforced to reduce the mechanical soil tillage and limit erosion and runoff, such as the NBSs implemented within the Phusicos Project.