重金属在整个生态系统中的扩散已经极大地危害了人类的健康,动物,植物,和自然资源。水煤浆已成为一种有前途的吸附剂,用于从水和废水中去除重金属。水煤浆,从生物质的水热碳化中获得,拥有独特的物理和化学性质,在通过表面络合捕获重金属方面非常有效,静电相互作用,和离子交换机制。本文综述了水炭吸附剂从水体中去除重金属的研究进展。本文讨论了影响水炭吸附能力的因素,如接触时间,pH值,初始金属浓度,温度,和竞争离子。关于表面改性等优化方法的文献,复合材料开发,并对混合系统进行了审查,以启发实现从废水中去除重金属的水炭效率的机制。该评论还解决了水煤焦再生和可重复使用等挑战,以及与其处置和金属浸出相关的潜在问题。还概述了与当前水净化方法的整合以及正在进行的研究和促进基于水炭的技术的举措的重要性。本文得出的结论是,将水炭与纳米技术和高级氧化技术等现代技术相结合,有望改善重金属修复。总的来说,这种全面的分析为指导未来的研究和促进有效的发展提供了宝贵的见解,负担得起的,和环保的重金属去除技术,以确保全球社区获得更安全的饮用水。
The spread of heavy metals throughout the ecosystem has extremely endangered human health, animals, plants, and natural resources. Hydrochar has emerged as a promising adsorbent for removal of heavy metals from water and wastewater. Hydrochar, obtained from hydrothermal carbonization of biomass, owns unique physical and chemical properties that are highly potent in capturing heavy metals via surface complexation, electrostatic interactions, and ion exchange mechanisms. This
review focuses on removing heavy metals by hydrochar adsorbents from water bodies. The article discusses factors affecting the adsorption capacity of hydrochars, such as contact time, pH, initial metal concentration, temperature, and competing ions. Literature on optimization approaches such as surface modification, composite development, and hybrid systems are reviewed to enlighten mechanisms undertaking the efficiency of hydrochars in heavy metals removal from wastewater. The
review also addresses challenges such as hydrochar regeneration and reusability, alongside potential issues related to its disposal and metal leaching. Integration with current water purification methods and the significance of ongoing research and initiatives promoting hydrochar-based technologies were also outlined. The article concludes that combining hydrochar with modern technologies such as nanotechnology and advanced oxidation techniques holds promise for improving heavy metal remediation. Overall, this comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights to guide future studies and foster the development of effective, affordable, and environmentally friendly heavy metal removal technologies to ensure the attainment of safer drinking water for communities worldwide.