蚊子是强大的病毒库和人畜共患病原体的重要载体。以血液为食的蚊子已被用来确定宿主感染状况,克服与从人类和动物种群中取样相关的困难。全面监测人类界面的潜在病原体,动物,环境目前是一种认可的方法,可以对新出现或重新出现的传染病提供预警并积极应对。在这里,我们从七个栖息地(居民区,医院,飞机,港口,动物园,家庭棚屋,和森林公园)横跨广东省五个城市,中国。我们的目标是表征人-动物-环境界面的病毒群落和血液喂养模式,并使用元转录组测序分析跨物种传播的潜在风险。收集了1898只雌性成年蚊子,包括1062只伊蚊和836只库蚊,其中约12%(n=226)的人对血液感到满意。因此,鉴定出101种推定病毒,其中包括DNA和RNA病毒,和正链RNA病毒(+ssRNA)是最丰富的。根据病毒多样性分析,病毒结构的组成高度依赖于宿主物种,库蚊比伊蚊表现出更丰富的病毒多样性。尽管来自不同采样生境的蚊子的病毒表现出39.6%的重叠,多种病毒特定于某些栖息地,特别是在人-动物界面。血粉分析发现四种哺乳动物和一种鸟类血粉来源,包括人类,狗,猫,家禽,和老鼠。Further,蚊子的采血模式被发现依赖于栖息地,在人与动物的界面和来自森林的蚊子有更广泛的宿主选择,包括人类,驯养的动物,和野生动物,这反过来又大大增加了潜在的人畜共患病原体溢出的风险。总结一下,我们是第一个基于“一个健康”概念从多个界面调查蚊子的病毒。确定了人-动物-环境界面上蚊子的病毒群落和血液喂养方式的特征。我们的发现应该支持监测活动,以确定对脊椎动物有致病性的已知和潜在病原体。
Mosquitoes are a formidable reservoir of viruses and important vectors of zoonotic pathogens. Blood-fed mosquitoes have been utilized to determine host infection status, overcoming the difficulties associated with sampling from human and animal populations. Comprehensive surveillance of potential pathogens at the interface of humans, animals, and the environment is currently an accredited method to provide an early warning of emerging or re-emerging infectious diseases and to proactively respond to them. Herein we performed comprehensive sampling of mosquitoes from seven habitats (residential areas, hospital, airplane, harbor, zoo, domestic sheds, and forest park) across five cities in Guangdong Province, China. Our aim was to characterize the viral communities and blood feeding patterns at the human-animal-environment interface and analyze the potential risk of cross-species transmission using meta-transcriptomic sequencing. 1898 female adult mosquitoes were collected, including 1062 Aedes and 836 Culex mosquitoes, of which approximately 12% (n = 226) were satiated with blood. Consequently, 101 putative viruses were identified, which included DNA and RNA viruses, and positive-stranded RNA viruses (+ssRNA) were the most abundant. According to viral diversity analysis, the composition of the viral structure was highly dependent on host species, and Culex mosquitoes showed richer viral diversity than Aedes mosquitoes. Although the
virome of mosquitoes from different sampling habitats showed an overlap of 39.6%, multiple viruses were specific to certain habitats, particularly at the human-animal interface. Blood meal analysis found four mammals and one bird bloodmeal source, including humans, dogs, cats, poultry, and rats. Further, the blood feeding patterns of mosquitoes were found to be habitat dependent, and mosquitoes at the human-animal interface and from forests had a wider choice of hosts, including humans, domesticated animals, and wildlife, which in turn considerably increases the risk of spillover of potential zoonotic pathogens. To summarize, we are the first to investigate the
virome of mosquitoes from multiple interfaces based on the One Health concept. The characteristics of viral community and blood feeding patterns of mosquitoes at the human-animal-environment interface were determined. Our findings should support surveillance activities to identify known and potential pathogens that are pathogenic to vertebrates.