主动脉瘤和主动脉夹层(AA/AD)是发病隐匿、突然破裂的重要主动脉疾病。通常导致不可避免的死亡。在现有血管中诱导新毛细血管形成的几种促血管生成因子和抗血管生成因子调节血管生成。此外,主动脉疾病主要表现为血管外膜内皮细胞的增殖和迁移。越来越多的研究表明,血管生成是促进AA/AD发生的特征性改变,programming,和破裂。此外,新毛细血管渗漏,极易受到细胞毒性剂的损伤,促进细胞外基质重塑,促进炎症细胞浸润,并在壁内释放凝血因子和蛋白酶。机械上,炎症,缺氧,在多种细胞类型的复杂相互作用下,血管生成因子信号在AA/AD的血管生成中起重要作用,比如平滑肌细胞,成纤维细胞,巨噬细胞,肥大细胞,和中性粒细胞。因此,根据目前的证据,这篇综述旨在讨论这种表现,病理作用,以及与AA/AD有关的血管生成的潜在机制,为AA/AD的预防和治疗提供见解。
Aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection (AA/AD) are critical aortic diseases with a hidden onset and sudden rupture, usually resulting in an inevitable death. Several pro- and anti-angiogenic factors that induce new capillary formation in the existing blood vessels regulate angiogenesis. In addition, aortic disease mainly manifests as the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells of the adventitia vasa vasorum. An increasing number of studies have shown that angiogenesis is a characteristic change that may promote AA/AD occurrence, progression, and rupture. Furthermore, neocapillaries are leaky and highly susceptible to injury by cytotoxic agents, which promote extracellular matrix remodeling, facilitate inflammatory cell infiltration, and release coagulation factors and proteases within the wall. Mechanistically, inflammation, hypoxia, and angiogenic factor signaling play important roles in angiogenesis in AA/AD under the complex interaction of multiple cell types, such as smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and neutrophils. Therefore, based on current evidence, this
review aims to discuss the manifestation, pathological role, and underlying mechanisms of angiogenesis involved in AA/AD, providing insights into the prevention and treatment of AA/AD.