2015年11月9日至10日,在檀香山的夏威夷大学癌症中心举行了自然发生的Aspestiform纤维暴露人群间皮瘤国际会议,夏威夷这次会议由国际肺癌研究协会共同主办,议程的设计得到了美国国家癌症研究所和国家环境健康科学研究所的工作人员的大量投入。一个多学科的参与者小组介绍了反映一系列学科观点的最新情况,包括矿物学,地质学,流行病学,毒理学,生物化学,分子生物学,遗传学,公共卫生,和临床肿瘤学。该小组确定了知识差距,这是预防和治疗恶性间皮瘤(MM)的障碍,以及解决障碍所需的下一步步骤。该手稿报告了该小组的努力,并着重于限制人群风险并降低MM发病率的策略。探索了四个主要主题:遗传风险,环境暴露,生物标志物,和临床干预。当疾病发生在种系BRCA1相关蛋白1突变的携带者中时,遗传学在MM中起着至关重要的作用。此外,看起来很可能,除了BRCA1相关蛋白1,其他未知的遗传变异也可能影响MM的个体发展风险,特别是接触石棉和相关的矿物纤维后。MM是一种几乎完全可以预防的恶性肿瘤,因为它通常是由接触商业石棉或具有石棉样健康影响的矿物纤维引起的。如erionite。过去在北美和欧洲,最突出的暴露来源与职业有关。目前的法规减少了这些国家的职业暴露;然而,有些人继续在旧建筑和其他环境中接触以前安装的石棉。此外,越来越多的人暴露在含有非商业石棉的农村地区,钙沸石,以及土壤或岩石中的其他矿物纤维(称为天然存在的石棉[NOA]),并且正在开发中。公共卫生当局,科学家,居民,和其他受影响的群体必须在接触石棉的地区共同努力,包括NOA,已在环境中记录以减轻或减少这种暴露。尽管目前尚无经证实可有效用于石棉/NOA暴露人群早期筛查和鉴定MM的血液生物标志物,在会议上提出了新的生物标志物,如高流动性组盒1和腓骨蛋白-3,是有希望的。人们普遍认为,目前对MM的治疗,基于手术和标准化疗,对总生存期(OS)的影响不大,这仍然令人沮丧。此外,尽管在临床试验中正在开发和探索急需的新型MM治疗方法,迫切需要投资于预防研究,其中有很好的机会降低MM的发病率和死亡率。
On November 9 and 10, 2015, the International Conference on Mesothelioma in Populations Exposed to Naturally Occurring Asbestiform Fibers was held at the University of Hawaii Cancer Center in Honolulu, Hawaii. The meeting was cosponsored by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, and the agenda was designed with significant input from staff at the U.S. National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. A multidisciplinary group of participants presented updates reflecting a range of disciplinary perspectives, including mineralogy, geology, epidemiology, toxicology, biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, public health, and clinical oncology. The group identified knowledge gaps that are barriers to preventing and treating malignant mesothelioma (MM) and the required next steps to address barriers. This manuscript reports the group\'s efforts and focus on strategies to limit risk to the population and reduce the incidence of MM. Four main topics were explored: genetic risk, environmental exposure, biomarkers, and clinical interventions. Genetics plays a critical role in MM when the disease occurs in carriers of germline BRCA1 associated protein 1 mutations. Moreover, it appears likely that, in addition to BRCA1 associated protein 1, other yet unknown genetic variants may also influence the individual risk for development of MM, especially after exposure to asbestos and related mineral fibers. MM is an almost entirely preventable malignancy as it is most often caused by exposure to commercial asbestos or mineral fibers with asbestos-like health effects, such as erionite. In the past in North America and in Europe, the most prominent source of exposure was related to occupation. Present regulations have reduced occupational exposure in these countries; however, some people continue to be exposed to previously installed asbestos in older construction and other settings. Moreover, an increasing number of people are being exposed in rural areas that contain noncommercial asbestos, erionite, and other mineral fibers in soil or rock (termed naturally occurring asbestos [NOA]) and are being developed. Public health authorities, scientists, residents, and other affected groups must work together in the areas where exposure to asbestos, including NOA, has been documented in the environment to mitigate or reduce this exposure. Although a blood biomarker validated to be effective for use in screening and identifying MM at an early stage in asbestos/NOA-exposed populations is not currently available, novel biomarkers presented at the meeting, such as high mobility group box 1 and fibulin-3, are promising. There was general agreement that current treatment for MM, which is based on surgery and standard chemotherapy, has a modest effect on the overall survival (OS), which remains dismal. Additionally, although much needed novel therapeutic approaches for MM are being developed and explored in clinical trials, there is a critical need to invest in prevention research, in which there is a great opportunity to reduce the incidence and mortality from MM.