恐慌症（PD）是研究最深入的焦虑症之一，被认为是一种异质性精神疾病，难以早期诊断。该疾病是复发性的，通常与低缓解率和高复发率相关，这可能会加剧社会和生活质量。会导致不必要的成本，并增加并发症和自杀的风险。目前PD的药物治疗是可用的，但这些药物的治疗起效缓慢，一些副作用，大多数患者对这些标准药物治疗没有完全反应。正在进行的调查表明，需要新的和有前途的药物来治疗PD。本文将涵盖立即和适当治疗的重要性，目前PD管理中的差距，特别强调药物治疗，以及有关新型抗恐慌药物的证据，包括正在开发的药物，例如代谢型谷氨酸（mGlu2/3）激动剂和左乙拉西坦。初步结果表明度洛西汀的抗恐慌特性和疗效，瑞波西汀,米氮平,奈法唑酮,利培酮和肌醇作为单一治疗药物。除了他们的有效性，与标准的药物治疗药物相比，上述化合物通常具有良好的耐受性，表明它们对矛盾和过度警惕性患者的潜在治疗有用性。进一步强有力的临床试验将为这些新型化合物作为PD治疗抗性患者的替代单一疗法提供充分的支持。
Panic disorder (PD) being one of the most intensively investigated anxiety disorders is considered a heterogeneous psychiatric disease which has difficulties with early diagnosis. The disorder is recurrent and usually associated with low remission rates and high rates of relapse which may exacerbated social and quality of life, causes unnecessary cost and increased risk for complication and suicide. Current pharmacotherapy for PD are available but these drugs have slow therapeutic onset, several side effects and most patients do not fully respond to these standard pharmacological treatments. Ongoing investigations indicate the need for new and promising agents for the treatment of PD. This article will cover the importance of immediate and proper treatment, the gap in the current management of PD with special emphasis on pharmacotherapy, and evidence regarding the novel anti-panic drugs including the drugs in developments such as metabotropic glutamate (mGlu 2/3) agonist and levetiracetam. Preliminary results suggest the anti-panic properties and the efficacy of duloxetine, reboxetine, mirtazapine, nefazodone, risperidone and inositol as a monotherapy drug. Apart for their effectiveness, the aforementioned compounds were generally well tolerated compared to the standard available pharmacotherapy drugs, indicating their potential therapeutic usefulness for ambivalent and hypervigilance patient. Further strong clinical trials will provide an ample support to these novel compounds as an alternative monotherapy for PD treatment-resistant patient.
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