This article explores the intersection of various systemic conditions with orthodontic treatment. Renal diseases, including chronic kidney disease and renal transplant, present challenges such as delayed tooth eruption and gingival overgrowth, necessitating careful orthodontic planning and collaboration with physicians. Liver diseases, particularly hepatitis, heighten the risk of periodontal disease and mandate strict infection control measures during orthodontic procedures. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome poses challenges related to collagen fragility, rapid tooth movement, and orthodontic relapse. Autoimmune diseases like diabetes mellitus and juvenile idiopathic arthritis require tailored orthodontic approaches considering oral complications and joint involvement.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of root resorption of teeth adjacent to permanent maxillary canines on both sides, by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), in pretreatment adolescent subjects with unilaterally impacted maxillary canines, and to define predictive factors for the root resorption.
METHODS: This retrospective sample included 76 adolescents (38 boys, 38 girls, mean age 12.3 ± 2.1 years; range 8-17 years) who had CBCT after detection of a unilateral impacted maxillary canine before any active orthodontic treatment. Both ipsilateral and contralateral sides were examined, and 14 qualitative and quantitative variables were collected. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and multiple logistic regression was used to predict root resorption.
RESULTS: On the impaction side, 57.9% of canines resorbed at least one adjacent tooth compared with 13.2% on the contralateral side (P < .001). On the impaction side, resorption was slight in 59.6%, moderate in 5.8%, and severe in 34.6% of the cases. On the contralateral side, resorption was slight in 91.7%, moderate in 0%, and severe in 8.3% of the cases. On both sides, upper lateral incisors were the teeth most frequently resorbed, followed by the upper first premolars and upper central incisors. The presence of contact between the canine and the adjacent roots was the only statistically significant risk factor for resorption for both ipsilateral and contralateral sides.
CONCLUSIONS: Orthodontists should look for root resorption on both sides in cases of unilaterally impacted maxillary canines.

The young of toothed mammals must have teeth to reach feeding independence. How tooth eruption integrates with gestation, birth and weaning is examined in a life-history perspective for 71 species of placental mammals. Questions developed from high-quality primate data are then addressed in the total sample. Rather than correlation, comparisons focus on equivalence, sequence, the relation to absolutes (six months, one year), the distribution of error and adaptive extremes. These mammals differ widely at birth, from no teeth to all deciduous teeth emerging, but commonalities appear when infants transit to independent feeding. Weaning follows completion of the deciduous dentition, closest in time to emergence of the first permanent molars and well before second molars emerge. Another layer of meaning appears when developmental age is counted from conception because the total time to produce young feeding independently comes up against seasonal boundaries that are costly to cross for reproductive fitness. Mammals of a vast range of sizes and taxa, from squirrel monkey to moose, hold conception-to-first molars in just under one year. Integrating tooth emergence into life history gives insight into living mammals and builds a framework for interpreting the fossil record.

Dentists and dental care professionals may be faced with concerns from parents and carers regarding teething in infants and young children. Teething is a normal physiological and self-limiting process; however, the diverse signs and symptoms that have, over time, been attributed to teething, can make diagnosis challenging. Appropriate diagnosis is crucial in preventing the potentially life-threatening sequalae of dismissing symptoms as teething and delaying appropriate treatment of a systemically unwell child. Management of teething can be approached in a five-step process based on the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence clinical knowledge summary on teething. These include: 1) history-taking, clinical examination, diagnosis and referral of systemically unwell or severely distressed children for urgent medical review; 2) providing parental/carer reassurance, information and preventative advice; 3) simple, non-pharmacological management strategies; 4) pharmacological intervention; 5) safety-netting advice in case the child becomes systemically unwell, has prolonged symptoms, or is in severe distress. The purpose of this article is to bridge knowledge gaps regarding teething to enable appropriate diagnosis and encourage dissemination of preliminary information and ensure appropriate referral by frontline dental professionals.

UNASSIGNED: The objective of the study was to propose and test a new grading system to quantify the clinical eruption of teeth into the oral cavity. In addition, the study also aimed to apply the grading system to a sample population to determine the chronology and sequence of permanent tooth eruptions, comparing the results with an existing standard table.
UNASSIGNED: A cross-sectional study was designed, and 1220 children aged 5-18 years were selected from five schools in Chennai. The clinical status of permanent tooth eruption was graded using the newly proposed system. The sequence and chronology of permanent tooth eruptions were determined using Probit analysis and compared with those established by Logan and Kronfeld. The difference in stages of eruption between the sexes was analyzed using the ANOVA test.
UNASSIGNED: The study sample included 515 boys and 705 girls. A total of 23,218 permanent maxillary and mandibular teeth were examined and graded. Of the 11,085 maxillary teeth, 367 were classified as grade 1, 660 as grade 2, and 10,058 as grade 3. Similarly, of the 12,133 mandibular teeth, 497 were grade 1, 793 were grade 2, and 10,843 were grade 3. The eruption of the maxillary canines, second molars, and mandibular second premolars was observed to have occurred earlier than in the traditional table of tooth eruption. The most significant differences in the stages of eruption between the sexes were observed in the 9-12 age group.
UNASSIGNED: The newly proposed grading system was found to be simple, objective, less confusing, and more robust, compared with the existing systems in determining the clinical status of tooth eruptions. The ages of eruption of maxillary canines, second molars, and mandibular second premolars were earlier.

Heterodonty and complex molar morphology are important characteristics of mammals acquired during the evolution of early mammals from non-mammalian synapsids. Some non-mammalian synapsids had only simple, unicuspid teeth, whereas others had complex, multicuspid teeth. In this study, we reconstructed the ancestral states of tooth morphological complexity across non-mammalian synapsids to show that morphologically complex teeth evolved independently multiple times within Therapsida and that secondary simplification of tooth morphology occurred in some non-mammalian Cynodontia. In some mammals, secondary evolution of simpler teeth from complex molars has been previously reported to correlate with an anterior shift of tooth eruption position in the jaw, as evaluated by the dentition position relative to the ends of component bones used as reference points in the upper jaw. Our phylogenetic comparative analyses showed a significant correlation between an increase in tooth complexity and a posterior shift in the dentition position relative to only one of the three specific ends of component bones that we used as reference points in the upper jaw of non-mammalian synapsids. The ends of component bones depend on the shape and relative area of each bone, which appear to vary considerably among the synapsid taxa. Quantification of the dentition position along the anteroposterior axis in the overall cranium showed suggestive evidence of a correlation between an increase in tooth complexity and a posterior shift in the dentition position among non-mammalian synapsids. This correlation supports the hypothesis that a posterior shift of tooth eruption position relative to the morphogenetic fields that determine tooth form have contributed to the evolution of morphologically complex teeth in non-mammalian synapsids, if the position in the cranium represents a certain point in the morphogenetic fields.

The development of normal occlusion requires eruptive migration of teeth from their developmental position in the jaw into a functional position within the oral cavity. This process involves significant and coordinated movement in an axial direction and appropriate eruption through the gingival tissues. The mechanisms regulating these developmental events are poorly understood, and teeth retain eruptive potential throughout their lifespan. In recent years, the use of mouse models has helped to elucidate some of the underlying molecular and biological mechanisms of mammalian tooth eruption. Here, we outline our current understanding of tooth eruption mechanisms and discuss their relevance in terms of known human disorders of tooth eruption.

The consumption and sharing of information on social media contribute to the circulation of false health content. In this sense, popular belief-driven posts recommending the use of amber necklaces to prevent symptoms of teething can be easily found on social media, even when they offer health risks for children. Accordingly, this study aimed to characterize posts in Portuguese by identifying message-based factors associated with higher user interactions of Facebook. A total of 500 Facebook posts published in Portuguese between August 2016 and August 2021 were retrieved by CrowdTangle, and analyzed quantitatively according to time of publication, total user interaction, and post overperforming score, and then qualitatively by two independent investigators, according to motivation, authors\' profiles, and sentiment. The data were evaluated by descriptive analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression models regarding interaction metrics. The posts were published predominantly by commercial profiles, with social, psychological, and financial motivations, and expressed positive sentiment. Furthermore, time of publication (OR=2.65), regular user profiles (OR=3.30), and neutral/negative sentiment (OR=2.76) were associated positively with total interactions, whereas only time of publication was associated with post overperforming scores (OR=1.65). In conclusion, Facebook posts promoting efficacy of amber necklaces in managing teething symptoms are primarily created by commercial profiles with vested interests in marketing the product. The key factors that contribute to the success of posts containing false information about amber necklaces on Facebook can be identified by considering the author\'s profile, sentiment, and time of publication.

This study aimed to assess the impact of occlusal loading on secondary tooth eruption and to determine the extent to which altering the occlusal loading influences the magnitude of secondary eruption through an experimental rat model. The present sample consisted of 48 male Wistar rats. At the onset of the experiment, 24 rats were 4 weeks old (young rats) and 24 rats were 26 weeks old (adult). Within each age group, the rats were further divided into two equal subgroups (12 rats each), receiving either a soft- or hard-food diet for the 3-month duration of the experiment. The primary outcome was the tooth position changes relative to stable references in the coronal plane by evaluating the distance between the mandibular first molars and the inferior alveolar canal. Microcomputed tomography scans were taken from all rats at three standardized intervals over the 3-month study period. Descriptive statistics were calculated by age and diet over time, and the evolution of the outcomes were plotted by age and diet over time. Longitudinal data analysis via generalized estimating equations was performed to examine the effect of age, diet and time on the primary outcomes. Secondary tooth eruption was observed in all age groups (young and adult) regardless of diet consistency (soft or hard food). In young rats, the secondary eruption was greater in the animals fed a soft diet than those fed a hard diet. In adult rats, minimal difference in secondary tooth eruption were found between different diet consistencies. Occlusal loading influences secondary tooth eruption in teeth with an established occlusal contact. The quantity of eruption in growing rats is higher when occlusal loading is less, providing a certain amount of secondary tooth eruption occurs. This difference, however, is not evident in adult rats, at least during the given 3-month time frame.

Benign odontogenic tumors that produce features resembling teeth are known as compound odontomas. This case report describes a unique case of a compound odontoma presenting in the patient\'s maxillary, the front region. This example highlights how crucial it is to diagnose and treat odontomas as soon as possible in order to avoid possible consequences like tooth displacement or failed eruption. It also emphasizes how important imaging methods are to accurately localizing and planning surgery for odontogenic tumors. The effective handling of this case offers important insights into the multidisciplinary approach needed for odontoma patient diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.