在北美,已经记录了非家庭猫的严重急性呼吸道综合症冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)感染,南美洲,非洲,欧洲,和亚洲。2020年3月至2021年2月,在三大洲的9个机构中,感染在16只老虎(Pantheratigris)中得到证实,14只狮子(Pantheraleo),三只雪豹(Pantherauncia),一只美洲狮(Pumaconcolor),和一只2至21岁的阿穆尔豹猫(Prionailurusbengalensiseuptilurus)(平均,10年)。另外12只老虎怀疑感染,四只狮子,9美洲狮临床症状(从最常见到最不常见)包括咳嗽,眼和/或鼻分泌物,喘息,打喷嚏,食欲下降,嗜睡,腹泻,和呕吐。大多数Felids恢复顺利,但是一只患有合并症的老年老虎出现了严重的呼吸困难和神经系统症状,需要安乐死。临床体征持续1-19d(平均,8d);一只老虎无症状。感染通过各种方法得到证实,包括鼻或口腔拭子的抗原测试和/或聚合酶链反应(PCR),气管冲洗,和粪便,或从粪便或气管冲洗中分离病毒。通过测试清醒动物的鼻拭子来确定感染状态和分辨率。粪便PCR,并观察临床体征。粪便病毒RNA的脱落明显长于临床体征的持续时间。感染后血清阳性由四个机构确认,包括11个猫科动物(5个狮子,6只老虎)。在大多数情况下,无症状或症状前的饲养者是推定或确认的感染源,尽管在某些情况下感染源仍然不确定。尽管在靠近猫科动物和准备食物时使用了布面罩和一次性手套,但几乎所有感染都发生了。尽管传播可能发生在个人防护设备合规的短暂失误期间,布口罩似乎不足以防止SARS-CoV-2从人类传播给非家庭动物。与非家庭猫科动物一起工作时,可能需要手术或更高等级的口罩。
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in nondomestic felids have been documented in North America, South America, Africa, Europe, and Asia. Between March 2020 and February 2021, at nine institutions across three continents, infection was confirmed in 16
tigers (Panthera tigris), 14 lions (Panthera leo), three snow leopards (Panthera uncia), one cougar (Puma concolor), and one Amur leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) ranging from 2 to 21 yr old (average, 10 yr). Infection was suspected in an additional 12
tigers, 4 lions, and 9 cougars. Clinical signs (in order of most to least common) included coughing, ocular and/or nasal discharge, wheezing, sneezing, decreased appetite, lethargy, diarrhea, and vomiting. Most felids recovered uneventfully, but one geriatric tiger with comorbidities developed severe dyspnea and neurologic signs necessitating euthanasia. Clinical signs lasted 1-19 d (average, 8 d); one tiger was asymptomatic. Infection was confirmed by various methods, including antigen tests and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of nasal or oral swabs, tracheal wash, and feces, or virus isolation from feces or tracheal wash. Infection status and resolution were determined by testing nasal swabs from awake animals, fecal PCR, and observation of clinical signs. Shedding of fecal viral RNA was significantly longer than duration of clinical signs. Postinfection seropositivity was confirmed by four institutions including 11 felids (5 lions, 6
tigers). In most instances, asymptomatic or presymptomatic keepers were the presumed or confirmed source of infection, although in some instances the infection source remains uncertain. Almost all infections occurred despite using cloth facemasks and disposable gloves when in proximity to the felids and during food preparation. Although transmission may have occurred during momentary lapses in personal protective equipment compliance, it seems probable that cloth masks are insufficient at preventing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to nondomestic felids. Surgical or higher grade masks may be warranted when working with nondomestic felids.