UNASSIGNED: Emphysematous epididymo-orchitis in the young to middle age groups without any comorbidity like diabetes or metabolic disorders is an uncommon entity.
UNASSIGNED: We present a case of a nondiabetic young patient, diagnosed with emphysematous epididymo-orchitis as a sequela to urinary tract infection.
UNASSIGNED: Clinically differentiating diagnoses of the acute scrotum may be difficult and ultrasound can be used reliably as the initial modality showing the presence of air for early diagnosis.
UNASSIGNED: Nondiabetic young patients without any metabolic disorder should also be suspected for emphysematous epididymo-orchitis in the setting of the acute scrotum. An ultrasound examination can predict its presence with confidence.

BACKGROUND: Prostatic carcinoma is emerging as the most common male malignancy in Nigeria and the second most common male cancer worldwide. Patients often present with locally advances stages, and common sites of metastasis are the spine, pelvis, chest, and long bones. Metastases to the testes and spermatic cords are reputed to be rare and may be indicative of a worse outcome, when they occur. We recently encountered a clinical case of bilateral testicular, epididymal and spermatic cords prostatic cancer metastases.
METHODS: A 71-year-old Nigerian man, who presented at our hospital with 1-month-old complaints of inability to walk together with low back and bilateral thigh pains. This presentation had been preceded by a 5-month history of lower urinary tract symptoms. On examination, the prostate was hard and nodular as were the left testis and spermatic cord. On histological assessment of a needle biopsy, prostatic adenocarcinoma (Gleason score 5 + 5 = 10) was diagnosed. A subsequent therapeutic bilateral total orchidectomy specimen was found to contain metastatic prostatic carcinoma deposits, in the testes, epididymides, and spermatic cords. Although our patient is currently doing well postoperatively on zoledronic acid, ketoconazole, bicalutamide, and tamsulosin, he is being re-evaluated periodically for any feature of recurrence.
CONCLUSIONS: Since it has implications for eventual outcome, every clinically suspicious therapeutic orchidectomy specimen should be subjected to a detailed histopathological examination in order to exclude secondaries from the primary prostatic malignancy.

Aim: To share our experience with the management of Fournier gangrene (FG) using the bagging technique of the testes, and to highlight the importance of implementing a multidisciplinary approach in managing FG. Case presentation: A 58-year-old male with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) was brought to the emergency department (ED) with necrotizing fasciitis involving the genitalia; he was managed in the ED with Intravenous (IV) fluid resuscitation and IV antibiotics. The surgical team was consulted and multiple debridement procedures were done. Healthy granulation tissue was formed within one month of the serial debridement. A split-thickness skin graft using bagging technique of the testes and vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) were applied. The patient was reassessed one year following presentation, and a result with a near normal appearance was achieved with complete preservation of functional outcome. Conclusion: FG is a type of necrotizing fasciitis that could be managed either conservatively with IV antibiotics and/or hyperbaric oxygen, or surgically by debridement and applying VAC. In our case, the testes were debrided and bagging technique of the testes was used. It\'s believed that with this technique, the overall cosmetic and functional results are superior.

The adenomatoid tumors are rare benign mesothelial lesions that in males affect mainly the epididymis. They account for over one third of paratesticular tumors, and the treatment of choice has been surgical excision. The origin in testicular parenchyma or the tunica albuginea is extremely rare. Clinical signs and imaging studies are often inconclusive in differentiate from a more common malignant intratesticular solid tumour, which can result in unnecessary orchiectomies. We present a case of adenomatoid tumor of tunica albuginea where clinical suspicion and intraoperative frozen section analysis led to a partial orchiectomy.

Testicular schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni is very rare and more so when associated with primary infertility. A 40 years old man from the Jos Plateau, North Central Nigeria presented with primary infertility after ten years of marriage. Sperm count revealed oligospermia and he also complained of inability to sustain erection. Testicular biopsy revealed several ova of Schistosoma mansoni in the connective tissue of the testes. Cases of infertility in endemic areas especially when there is no supply of potable water should raise suspicion of schistosomiasis among other pathologies and possible hormonal disturbances when the testes are involved.

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