由于人为活动,环境污染增加。环境中的有毒化学物质影响水生生物的健康。三丁基锡(TBT)是一种有毒化学物质,广泛用作船上的防污涂料,船体,和船只。TBT的毒性作用在水生生物中有很好的记录;然而,关于TBT对贝类DNA损伤的影响知之甚少。美国牡蛎(Crassostreavirginica,可食用且具有商业重要性的物种)是一种理想的海洋软体动物,可以检查TBT暴露对DNA损伤和氧化/硝化应激的影响。在这项研究中,我们研究了TBT对8'-羟基-2'-脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG,促诱变DNA损伤的生物标志物),双链DNA(dsDNA),二硝基苯蛋白(DNP,活性氧的生物标志物,ROS),3-硝基酪氨酸蛋白(NTP,活性氮物种的生物标志物,RNS),过氧化氢酶(CAT,抗氧化剂),和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE,胆碱能酶)在牡蛎的g和消化腺中的表达。我们还分析了肌外(EF)流体条件。免疫组化和qRT-PCR结果显示TBT暴露显著增加8-OHdG,dsDNA,DNP,NTP,和CATmRNA和/或蛋白质在g和消化腺中的表达。然而,AChEmRNA和蛋白表达,暴露于TBT的牡蛎中EP液pH和蛋白质浓度降低。一起来看,这些结果表明,防污杀菌剂诱导的ROS/RNS的产生导致DNA损伤,这可能导致牡蛎细胞功能下降。据我们所知,本研究提供了第一个分子/生化证据,表明TBT暴露会导致牡蛎的氧化/硝化应激和DNA损伤。
Environmental pollution increases due to anthropogenic activities. Toxic chemicals in the environment affect the health of aquatic organisms. Tributyltin (
TBT) is a toxic chemical widely used as an antifouling paint on boats, hulls, and ships. The toxic effect of
TBT is well documented in aquatic organisms; however, little is known about the effects of
TBT on DNA lesions in shellfish. The American oyster (Crassostrea virginica, an edible and commercially important species) is an ideal marine mollusk to examine the effects of
TBT exposure on DNA lesions and oxidative/nitrative stress. In this study, we investigated the effects of
TBT on 8\'-hydroxy-2\'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG, a biomarker of pro-mutagenic DNA lesion), double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), dinitrophenyl protein (DNP, a biomarker on reactive oxygen species, ROS), 3-nitrotyrosine protein (NTP, a biomarker of reactive nitrogen species, RNS), catalase (CAT, an antioxidant), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE, a cholinergic enzyme) expressions in the gills and digestive glands of oysters. We also analyzed extrapallial (EF) fluid conditions. Immunohistochemical and qRT-PCR results showed that TBT exposure significantly increased 8-OHdG, dsDNA, DNP, NTP, and CAT mRNA and/or protein expressions in the gills and digestive glands. However, AChE mRNA and protein expressions, and EP fluid pH and protein concentrations were decreased in TBT-exposed oysters. Taken together, these results suggest that antifouling biocide-induced production of ROS/RNS results in DNA damage, which may lead to decreased cellular functions in oysters. To the best of our knowledge, the present study provides the first molecular/biochemical evidence that TBT exposure results in oxidative/nitrative stress and DNA lesions in oysters.